【作者】 叶早萍；

【导师】 阎克路；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织化学与染整工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 溶胶-凝胶（Sol-Gel）技术是胶体化学中一项古老的技术,是在制备玻璃、陶瓷等无机材料领域中发展、成熟起来的。近些年来,这一技术已扩展到有机/无机复合材料中。目前国际上对它在纺织品上的应用研究刚刚起步。利用有机改性的金属醇盐制备的溶胶,可以在较低的处理温度下,在基质物表面形成均一性好、透明多孔、结合牢固,且具有一定柔顺性和弹性的薄膜,此薄膜可包覆功能性的材料,从而实现基质材料的表面改性和功能整理。羊毛是具有典型鳞片结构的一种天然纤维,这一特殊结构使其具有与众不同的缩绒性。未经防缩处理的羊毛织物容易产生毡缩,并出现尺寸收缩、变形、增厚等不良现象,使织物丧失原有优异的服用性能。目前工业化的防毡缩技术主要是氯化-树脂法,可达到良好的防毡缩效果。但存在羊毛易泛黄和弹性受损等缺点,特别是会在废水排放中产生有机氯（AOX）污染,从而限制了这一技术的应用。溶胶-凝胶技术属于非氯的环保型防毡缩技术,论文在本课题组原有的工作基础上,进一步深入探索了溶胶-凝胶技术在羊毛织物防毡缩功能整理上应用的可行性,并希望将其产业化。论文工作首先通过比较各种有机改性烷氧基硅烷的水解性能及其在羊毛织物上的防毡缩效果,在实验数据的基础上确定选用γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷（GPTMS）作为烷氧基硅烷溶胶前驱体。同时分析研究了影响GPTMS溶胶的形成和稳定性的各项因素,如pH值、浓度、温度、溶剂等,提出了可以长期存放的制备GPTMS溶胶的最佳工艺条件。通过测定水洗（IWS TM No.31）后羊毛织物的面积收缩率,优选了羊毛织物整理过程中的工艺参数（包括pH值、工作液浓度、浸轧工艺、烘干和焙烘的时间及温度等）,分析了影响羊毛织物整理效果、手感和耐久性的因素。羊毛整理后的各项测试数据表明,经溶胶-凝胶处理后,透明多孔的网状薄膜均匀地沉积在羊毛纤维上,覆盖了羊毛的鳞片层,减小羊毛纤维的定向摩擦效,防毡缩效果达到国际羊毛局TM31的标准。另外,论文工作还探索制备稳定的纳米水Al₂O₃分散的两种方法,研究了将纳米材料和有机改性硅溶胶复合的整理技术。结果表明,在GPTMS溶胶中混合纳米水Al₂O₃分散液,对羊毛织物的防毡缩性略有改善。本论文的研究结果,对利用溶胶-凝胶技术结合纳米材料在纺织品的表面改性方面指出了一条新的可行之路,这将给纺织行业带来巨大的经济价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sol-gel technique is one of venerable techniques in the neoteric colloid chemistry. It is presently the initiative step where sol-gel technique is used in functional finishing of fabric. When organic modified silane is applied to textile fabric, sol can produce an even, transparent, porous and functional membrane with flexibility on a variety of substrates, which can be filled with functional materials. So the surface modification or functional finishing of substrates can be carried out by this way.Wool is an important textile raw material and has a lot of excellent features, such as soft handle, good elasticity, excellent hygroscopy. Wool can be used to make all kinds of superior fabrics. But because of the shrinking of wool, fabric shrinks during home-laundering, which greatly affects the use of fabric. Due to environmental pollute by using Chlorine/Resin process with higher values of AOX in wastewater for shrink-resist treatments, the researches and techniques focus on non-chlorine shrink-resist treatments.Sol-gel technique, as a non-chlorine easy care finishing of wool, is investigated in this paper. On the basis of former research, the feasibility of this new application is further discussed.GPTMS （3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane） is prehydrolyed and then the finishing of anti-felting of wool fabric is carried out by pad-dry-cure process. The influence of sol forming and sol stability, pH value, concentration, temperature and different solvents, the parameter of pad-dry-curing process （pH values, concentration, curing temperature and curing procedure）, as well as the influence of treating qualities on handle and durability of treated wool is researched. By means of comparing the shrink proof properties of treated fabric, shrink-resist treatment is optimized. Other physical properties of treated and untreated wool fabrics is measured and evaluated. The SEM pictures are taken simultaneously to investigate the surface structures with and without sol-gel treating.Based on the experiment result, after sol-gel treatment, a transparent netted thin film deposited on the surface of the wool may decrease the levelness and close the scales effectively, which endows wool fibers an anti-felting property, which could measure up the standard of shrink proof of IWS TM No.31.Different methods of preparing stable nano-Al₂O₃ disperse solution and nano-materials combined with sol-gel technique applied in shrink-resist treatment are also investigated.The conclusion in the thesis indicated a feasible method to surface modification of textiles by utilizing nano-materials combined with sol-gel technique. It is an innovation and will bring the whole textile industry considerable economic effect.更多还原