论我国农村土地征收补偿制度的缺陷及其完善

【作者】 牛广军；

【导师】 程雁雷；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 有人类历史以来的任何一个国家,要满足公共使用,其途径主要靠征收。征收之所以必要,是由于政府因特定公用目的需要的产品通过市场机制无法实现,舍强制而无他途。征收之所以要补偿,是因为征收的实质是一种买卖——买卖的的双方都应当支付对价,尽管在这里表现为强制买卖,既然是买卖,即便具有强制性,也必须对被征收人的财产损失按市场价予以公平补偿,不同的只是征收补偿的方式而已。农村土地征收是国家的强制性行为,农村土地征收补偿是协调土地征收中私益与公益冲突的基本制度。各国对土地征收补偿制度不尽相同,但大多确认公平补偿是征收的基本原则和构成要件。我国先行农村土地征收补偿制度是传统计划经济条件下的产物,在市场经济条件下,该制度背离了市场经济法则。随着社会主义市场经济的逐步建立于完善,我国先行农村土地征收补偿制度中的缺陷就日益显现出来,各地因征地引起的社会矛盾已成为和谐社会的一大障碍。笔者通过分析我国现行的补偿制度在补偿范围、补偿标准、补偿方式、补偿原则和补偿收益分配原则等方面存在的制度缺陷,并借鉴国外征地补偿的理论与实践,提出了我国征地补偿的理论基础和制度框架,同时通过借鉴国外的先进理念以及分析造成上述问题法律上的原因,总结出应在哪些方面完善我国农村土地征收补偿制度,即采取完全补偿原则,拓宽我国农村土地的补偿范围,以市场价格为基础,提高补偿标准,丰富农村土地征收的补偿方式,完善农村土地补偿费的分配。最后结合我国的实际,提出解决问题的途径:1、由国务院尽快提请全国人大修改《土地管理法》;2、制定独立的《农村土地征收补偿法》等;3、完善违宪审查制度;明确宪法的直接适用效力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Collecting is the main way to meet public requirements in any country since human being came out. Collecting is necessary and compulsory because government can not get the required products for special public purpose by the market mechanism.Collecting comes with compensation because collecting is just a business in substance. The two parties in one business should pay corresponding price. Although it’s compulsory, the people who turn over to the state must be compensated fairly for the property loss at market price. The only difference is the way for compensation.Collecting land tax in the countryside is a compulsory behavior of the state. The compensation for land tax is a basic system to coordinate the conflict of private interests and public interests in land tax collecting. The compensation systems for land tax collecting are different in each country, but the majority of countries agree that fair compensation is the basic principle and necessary condition for collecting.In our country, the former compensation system for land tax collecting came into being under the traditional planned economy. Now, under the market economy, this former system departs from the law of market economy.The defect of our former compensation system appears more and more clearer along with the socialist market system is being perfected progressively in our country.The social contradiction caused by collecting has already become a big obstacle of harmonious society.This thesis analyzes the defect of our former compensation system about compensation limits, compensation standard, compensation ways, compensation principle and distribution principle of income from compensation. It also uses the theory and practice of compensation for collecting of other countries for reference.It raises theoretical base and system framework of compensation for collecting in our country. Meanwhile, it uses foreign advanced theory for reference and analyzes the reasons which cause the above problems and summarize which aspects of our compensation system for collecting should be perfected. The complete compensation principle should be adopted. Our compensation limits of the land in our countryside should be expanded. We should base on the market price, raise compensation standard, enrich compensation ways for land collecting in our countryside, and let the distribution of compensation for land be perfected.At the end of this thesis, it raises some ways to solve the above problems considering the fact in our country. One point is to propose to modify the managing law of land by the State Council. The second point is to draw up an independent law for compensation for land collecting. The third is to perfect examination system, define the direct effect of constitution.更多还原