【作者】 杨德位；

【导师】 何雪冰；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的发展,建筑能耗在国家能耗消耗中所占的比重逐渐增大。建筑节能成为减少建筑能耗的重要措施,更是社会关注的热点话题。地处严寒地区的乌鲁木齐市,采暖能耗是建筑能耗的主要部分。降低建筑能源需求成为建筑节能的首要问题。本文对乌鲁木齐市新疆医科大学、南湖小区共59幢既有采暖住宅的建筑信息现状进行了调研统计,从朝向、外墙构造、屋顶保温材料、外窗形式、单元数、楼层数等参数的分布情况,得到本文研究的基础建筑模型。为了了解这些既有建筑围护结构的热工性能,文中采用热流计法测试了4栋建筑物外墙、屋顶的传热系数。本文分别用稳态法与计算机模拟法计算了基础建筑的耗热量指标。在稳态法中,以基础建筑为模型,利用外墙、屋顶传热系数的测试值,计算出建筑物采暖耗热量指标,并分析各部分围护结构能耗权重。为了更接近建筑的实际使用情况及满足住户的热舒适性要求,本文将封闭阳台归类为采暖房间,重新计算基础建筑的耗热量指标。对比基础建筑的耗热量指标与乌鲁木齐市节能50%的耗热量指标值,判断基础建筑为非节能建筑。利用DeST-h做基础建筑采暖期热负荷模拟计算,并模拟各房间自然室温,发现建筑顶层西北向房间室内热环境最差。介绍了建筑各围护结构节能改造的各种措施,特别给出了新疆建筑外墙保温的几种做法。59幢建筑的构造是不同的,利用DeST-h模拟六种围护结构组合的建筑耗热量指标。对影响住宅热负荷的各因素作单因素分析,给出了外墙、屋顶苯板外保温厚度与建筑热负荷指标的对应关系。利用DeST-h模拟两种节能改造方案下的建筑的热负荷,计算出改造后建筑的节能潜力为66.55%。通过实地调研、测试与软件模拟计算,以基础建筑为模型,详细分析了乌鲁木齐既有建筑能耗现状、节能潜力分析,给出两种节能改造方案,从而降低建筑冬季采暖能耗,为其他既有建筑的节能改造提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of the economy, energy consumption in building is becoming more and more important in nowadays. Energy efficiency has become a popular issue. Energy efficiency is a main way to save energy. Energy consumed for heating is the leading parts of the building energy consumption in Urumqi. It is the key point of energy saving to reduce the heating loading in the buildings.Based on the analysis into the buildings of Xinjiang Medical University and Nanhu Area, we put forward the percentage of different orientation, different wall structure, different insulating material in roof and different types of windows. According to the investigation, base building was defined. We tested the overall heat transfer coefficient of exterior wall and roof in four buildings.Use two methods to calculate the building energy consumption, including Steady-state calculation and computer simulation. Based on the base building model and the heat transfer coefficient of building envelope, the index of heat loss of building was carried out. The proportion of the index of heat loss of every part of envelop was analyzed. To meat the requirement of the thermal comfort, the paper takes the closed balcony as heating room, and calculated the heat consumption indicator of the base building again. Compared the index of heat loss of base building and energy efficiency building in Urumqi, the base building was not an energy-saving building. The heating load of base building was simulated by DeST-h. We simulated the based temperature of the base building with DeST-h. According to the result of based temperature, the room on the top floor in the northwest has the worst thermal environment.Introduce the efficiency reform ways of ceiling, exterior wall and window, especially the methods in Xinjiang. There are six types of different envelope combination in the 59 buildings. Six buildings’index of heat loss was calculated with DeST-h. The paper made single factor analysis about the influence of ceiling, exterior wall and window to the building heat load; we put out the relationship between the size of the EPS and the building heat load. We simulated the index of heat loss of the energy reformed buildings. According to result, we find there is a huge potential in energy saving, about 66.55%.Through research, testing and simulation, the energy consumption in existing building in Urumqi was analyzed. The potential of the energy saving in base building was also discussed. Two energy-saving reform programs are given in the paper. It is useful to reduce the heating load by the program. The other existing buildings may reformed through the same way.更多还原