关于我国港口定价问题的研究

【作者】 韩聪；

【导师】 曲林迟；

【作者基本信息】 上海海事大学 ， 产业经济学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 港口产业不仅是维系社会经济正常运行的一个重要基础产业,而且作为国际集装箱、散货运输体系的枢纽和对外交流的窗口,在促进国际贸易和地区经济发展中起着重要的作用。因此各个国家和地区对各自的港口在国际集装箱和散货运输体系中的作用和地位都十分重视。在全球经济和国际贸易持续增长以及船舶大型化的今天,由于船公司对港口的使用更加集中,我国各省市港口为争夺区域性中心港的地位,纷纷采取低价揽取货源,盲目扩大市场份额,使得价格竞争愈演愈烈。政府作为对市场机制有力的补充,如何设计合理的价格机制、调控港口费率以防止港口间的恶性竞争、实现港口间资源的合理配置、港口设备的充分利用都是政府宏观调控机构所要面临的问题。本文首先给出港口定价及两种定价理论的概念,介绍了国内外流行的四种港口定价的方法,并对以上几种方法的优缺点进行了分析。接着,对改革开放前后我国港口定价方法的沿革进行了回顾。在港口内贸价格放开后,港口问价格战使得交通部制定了行业自律公约,本文运用现代产业组织理论的分析方法对价格联盟这一组织形式的效率和不稳定性进行了分析,并提出解决这一问题的几点建议。本文不仅针对制定自律价这一举动提出了改进意见,而且对我国港口外贸定价的改革前景进行了探讨。通过本文的研究及分析,希望能给港口、码头经营者以启迪。在文章的结尾作者展望了港口外贸定价的改革前景,并对今后政府和市场在我国港口定价的问题上如何相继抉择提出了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Port industry is not only to maintain the normal operation of the economy and an important foundation for industry, but also as international container and bulk cargo transport hub system of foreign exchange and the window, it plays an important role in the promotion of international trade and regional economic development. Thus, all countries and regions are very concerned about the role and status of the respective ports in international container and bulk cargo transport system. In the background of global economy and international trade has continued to grow and the size of the ships are bigger, Due to the use of the Port are more concentrated by shipping company, for becoming the regional center, all ports are in the effort to expand market share, then growing competition comes.Currently, in our ports of the actual operation, the government-funded, large state-owned enterprises owned, joint ventures, social capital ports occupy a certain percentage, even in the same port has a different operating company. As a port operational supervisor, the government of the port has control over pricing. From the government’s highly example, the government’s macro-control agencies have to answer the question how to design a reasonable price mechanism and port rate to prevent the vicious inter-port competition between ports and realize the rational allocation of resources, whether port facilities are fully utilized.The purpose of this thesis is through introducing four kinds of domestic and foreign port pricing model, in the hope of giving the government and the port, Terminal operators enlightenment of our ports in the pricing strategy of a deeper level of understanding, working out a more reasonable port charges admission policy as soon as possible for the port charges with international practice. In the background of Internal trade ports in China have gradually liberalized prices and the Ministry of Communications makes self-regulatory price for controlling the price war between the ports, This paper not only moves suggesting improvements against the self-price, and the port pricing reforms were discussed.The paper presents the definition of port pricing and two pricing theory, the concepts of four international popular port pricing methods as well as several methods were compared. Then the history of the reform and opening up of China’s port pricing methods for the evolution has been recalled. After the opening of domestic prices in the port, the price war between ports makes the Ministry of Communications formulate a self-discipline convention. In this paper, the efficiency and stability of industrial enterprises Union as a form of organization has been anglicized by the application of modern economic theory, and propose solutions to the problem have been proposed. Finally, we looked forward to the foreign trade port pricing in the prospect of reform, and pricing methods are discussed.更多还原