船舶登记制度研究

【作者】 张泠文；

【导师】 於世成；

【作者基本信息】 上海海事大学 ， 国际法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在中国乃至世界的第一大港上海港,你会发现许多悬挂外国旗的船舶映入眼帘。中国巨幅增长的进出口贸易背后,面临的却是超过半数的中国船队不挂中国旗的窘境,我国船队移籍海外的情况严重影响了我国的国家形象和经济发展。在此背景下,国家先后批准成立了上海洋山、天津东疆和大连大窑湾三大保税港区,并同意在该三地试行第二船籍登记制度来吸引我国国轮回归。对船舶登记制度的研究主要有公法和私法两个层面。从公法的层面,即船舶有权利悬挂登记国国旗,受登记国管辖并取得国籍;从私法的层面,公示船舶所有权、抵押债务及光船租赁权等。因此各国均从这两个层面就船舶登记制度制定了相关的法律规定。我国关于船舶登记问题的法律法规主要有《中华人民共和国海商法》、《中华人民共和国船舶登记条例》、《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》、《中华人民共和国船舶登记条例》实施若干问题说明、《中华人民共和国船舶最低安全配员规则》、《中华人民共和国船舶安全检查规则》、《船舶名称管理办法》、《老旧运输船舶管理规定》等。本文主要从公法的层面研究船舶登记制度的问题。通过对目前国际上船舶登记制度的理论和发展,以及相关国际公约的介绍来剖析我国船舶登记的现状,并结合国家在上海试行第二船籍制度这一创举,对我国整个船舶登记制度的发展和完善提出自己的意见。除引言外,本文共分为五章:第一章从概念,法律性质和历史演进三个方面概述船舶登记。第二章以船舶登记制度的法律基础为切入口,对目前国际上现有的船舶登记制度的种类做了归纳并对各自的利弊做了评析,着重探讨了开放登记制度的有关问题。第三章介绍我国船舶登记制度的现状,重点分析了我国船舶海外移籍的政治及经济等方面的原因和由此带来的危害。第四章研究第二船籍登记制度在世界各国的起源和发展,并对各国采取的第二船籍登记制度进行比较,分析了第二船籍登记制度取得预期效果的原因。第五章通过对上海洋山、天津东疆和大连大窑湾三大保税港区的基本情况和政策环境的介绍,探索第二船籍登记制度在我国的发展,并在法律制度的完善上提出自己的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Now at the port of Shanghai ,the largest trading port in China and in the world, you can see ships of almost all the countries in the world but few of them is of China. With the large increase in the export and import trade, China has to face the embarrassing reality that Chinese ship owners choose to register their ships in the foreign countries which undermined China’s state image and economic development. Thus, China has established three bonded ports in Yangshan of Shanghai、Dongjiang of Tianjin and Dayaowan of Dalian and agreed to adopt the second registration system to attract our Chinese ships.The study of the ship registration system can be from two respects, the public law and the private law. From the respect of the public law, the ship is deemed to hang the flag of the country where it is registered and the country has the jurisdiction over the ship. From the respect of the private law, the property right, the mortgage and the charter party of the ship are supposed to be open to the public. Therefore, all the countries have made laws and regulations for the ship registration system from these two respects. The laws and regulations of Chinese ship registration can be found in the《The Maritime Law of the People’s Republic of Chinas》、《The ship registration regulation of the People’s Republic of China》、《The oceanic environment law of the People’s Republic of China》、《The execution explanation of the ship registration regulation》、《The minimum security regulation for the stuff on ship of the People’s Republic of China》、《The security regulation for the ship of the People’s Republic of China》、《The management of ship’s name、the regulation of the aged ship》and etc.The writer would like to study the ship registration from the respect of the public law and analyze the present registration system in China through the research on the theory and the development of the ship registration in the world and relevant international treaties . Together with the tentative regulation of the second registration in Shanghai, I would like to share my views on the development and perfection of the ship registration system in China.Beside the forward, the article is made of 5 chapters:Chapter 1 The writer makes a theory introduction of the ship registration from the respect of the meaning、legal nature and history.Chapter 2 This chapter elaborates on the international ship registration and has a run-through of kinds of the ship registration together with their advantages and disadvantages. This chapter focuses on the open registration.Chapter 3 This chapter illustrates the ship registration situation in China and analyze the damage brought by the ship registering in foreign countries in the field of politic and economy.Chapter 4 Based on the study of the origin and development of the second registration of the ship together with their comparison, the writer would analyze the reason of the future success of the second registration system of the ship.Chapter 5 Through the introduction of basic situation and politic environment in the three bonded port, Yangshan in Shanghai、Dongjiang in Tianjin and Dayaowan in Dalian, the writer wants to explore the development of the second registration of ship in China and also share my opinions on the perfection of the system.更多还原