提单制度的框架

【作者】 赵婷婷；

【导师】 尹东年；

【作者基本信息】 上海海事大学 ， 国际法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 提单在国际贸易中扮演了举足轻重的角色,尤其在现代单证交易制度下,其发挥作用的领域已经远远超出了海上运输环节。与此同时,提单法律制度并不能与提单在各个领域中的发展相适应,反而是远远滞后于其发展。鉴于这种情况,制定一套系统的提单法律规则实属顺应实践的需要。提单和票据是两种不同的商业文件,在功能和属性上有一定的对应性。我国票据法律制度相对成熟,在制定提单法律,特别是在如何勾勒提单制度的总体框架的问题上,可以在很大程度参照票据法律制度的规定。全文分为四大部分:第一部分,介绍了提单的历史发展、提单法律制度发展状况及提单的基本功能,对提单做了一个较为概括性的描述。第二部分,比较分析了提单与票据制度的相同点和不同点。提单在文义性、要式性、流通性的特点上都与票据制度有相同之处。重点对提单的“准”流通做了论述。从提单和票据制度的对比中可以看出,提单制度和票据制度在框架上是可以互相借鉴的。但是票据和提单代表的内容完全不同,并且在流通性上也有较大区别。因此在借鉴的时候要注意有所选择,不能采用“拿来主义”的做法。第三部分,用了较多的篇幅介绍提单上一些比较重要的问题。明确提单具有物权性和债权性两种性质,分析了提单在整个流转过程中突出的特点和提单当事人在提单流转各个阶段的权利义务,并对提单在运输和流通各个环节中的功能做了论述第四部分,是本文的重点。在这一部分主要是回答了两个问题:什么样的提单制度才是完善的和如何建立提单制度的框架。笔者采用与票据相关制度比较的方法,共分七个方面,集中笔墨讨论了对提单制度框架的设想。希望对提单法律的制定会有所帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 The bill of lading has been playing an important role in the international trade, under the system of modern documentary sale, whose functions have been especially beyond the scope of shipping document. Meanwhile, the law of related aspect is far behind the development of bill of lading. In view of the situation, enacting a systematic B/L law is the demand of practiceCommercial instrument and B/L is two different commercial documents, whose function and character can be carried out certain comparisons. In our country, the legal system with respect to commercial instrument is comparatively mature. Drafting B/L law, especially enacting the frame of it, we can assess them by negotiable instrument law.This article can be divided into four parts.The first part is about the history of the development of B/L and B/L law, the basic function of bill of lading. In this part, the author makes a summary of B/L.In the second part, compared with commercial instrument which falls into the typical category of securities, B/L is a kind of rights-granted and no causation required document with undemanding standard format, negotiation. Therefore, certain comparisons can be made between B/L and commercial instrument. The author focuses on analysis quasi-negotiation of B/L. But, these two documents perform their respective duties in the field of trade and they are far apart in negotiation. So, we should learn from negotiable instrument law optionally.The third part takes plenty of space to introduce some important question, such as property of real right and property of creditor’s rights, the outstanding feature of B/L and the rights and duties of person concerned in the entire process of circulation. At the same time, this part elaborates on the functions of B/L in every link of transportation and circulation. The fourth part is the most important part of the paper. Two questions have been answered in this section: which kind of B/L system is perfect and how to build such one. Comparison of related system of commercial instrument, the author focuses on discussing how to build a perfect B/L system. And also I sincerely hope that my paper will be helpful to the establishment of B/L law procedure of our country.更多还原