【作者】 安军；

【导师】 严建华； 马增益；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 工程热物理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的不断发展，环境问题得到越来越高的重视，其中，固体废物的处置已成为困扰各国的难题。由于树脂类制品具有美观、质轻、绝缘、耐腐蚀、易加工、难降解等特点，广泛应用于社会经济文化建设及人们日常生活的方方面面。焚烧法具有减容、减量、资源化等优点，在发达国家被广泛应用。本文提出采用循环流化床焚烧的技术来处置废树脂。利用等速升温热天平研究树脂的燃烧和热解特性，得到如下结论：树脂的燃烧反应过程分为两个阶段，第一阶段为挥发份析出和燃烧阶段，第二阶段为固定碳的燃烧阶段；升温速率对树脂的燃烧和热解过程有影响，但不会影响它的最终失重率；使用热解产物特性指数来考察树脂的热解特性，研究结果表明随着升温速率的提高，树脂的热解特性指数增大，热解产物的释放趋于集中；进行动力学参数的计算，结果表明可以用一级反应来描述树脂的燃烧反应。在小型流化床实验台进行树脂焚烧实验，考察炉膛温度、炉膛高度和烟气停留时间对污染物排放的影响。研究表明，废树脂焚烧过程中SOx很低；随着炉膛温度的升高，NOx浓度增加，CO浓度降低。相比于炉膛温度，炉膛高度和停留时间对CO排放浓度的影响更大，较高的炉膛高度及较长的停留时间能降低CO浓度。根据树脂的燃烧特性和污染物排放特性，设计了废树脂焚烧炉，实验表明，其设计合理，其尾气排放完全达到国家危险废物焚烧污染控制标准。根据流化床焚烧炉的动态特性，设计废树脂焚烧炉DCS控制系统及其控制策略。实现了床层温度自动控制。并利用模糊控制技术，设计了汽包水位模糊控制策略，实际运行证明，该方法有过渡时间较短，超调量小，系统抗干扰能力强的优点，能很好地克服蒸汽流量扰动对汽包水位的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the world economic growing, environmental problems have been paid more attention to. How to deal with the solid waste is one of the problems to all the countries. Because of the special characteristics of the resin products they are widely used. Incineration has the advantage of maximum volume/quantity reduction and energy recovery, which has been adopted by the developed country. We bring forward the technology of CFB to deal with the abandoned resin.Studies on the pyrolysis and combustion of resin by the thermal balance where the temperature increases linearly were performed. Some conclusions were obtained. There were two stages in the process of resin combustion. The first stage is the ejection and combustion of the volatile matter and the second one is combustion of the fixed carbon. The heating rate can influence the process of pyrolysis and combustion but not the final weightlessness rate. The index of pyrolysis products can be used to characterize the pyrolysis. As the increase of heating rate, the index of pyrolysis products increases and the ejection of pyrolysis products is more concentrative. The kinetic calculation had been done and its kinetic parameters had been obtained. The results indicate that the combustion of resin can be expressed as a first order reaction.The experiments of incinerating resin were carried out on CFB to study the influence of furnace temperature, furnace height and residence time on the pollution emission. Some conclusions were obtained. The concentration of SOx was very low. The NOx emission increased with temperature. The effects of residence time and furnace height were greater than temperature. Higher temperature, less residence time and higher height of furnace were favor of reducing the concentration of CO.The waste resin incinerator was designed according to the resin characteristics of combustion and pollution emission. It was found that the waste resin incinerator can meet the pollution control standard for hazardous wastes incineration.DCS of waste resin incinerator was designed according to the dynamic characteristics of CFB. The automatic control of bed temperature was designed. Fuzzy control technology was used in steam drum level to decrease regulation time and improve regulation precision.更多还原