【作者】 王晶晶；

【导师】 丁凡； 黄克强；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 测试仪广泛应用于国民经济和国防建设的各个领域，是科研和生产不可或缺的重要装备之一。其工作原理是由信号发生装置向被测对象发送激励信号，同时由信号采集与处理装置通过传感器采集被测对象的响应信号，并送到上位机进行数据分析和处理。本文研究采用灵活的现场可编程逻辑阵列FPGA为核心，协调整个仪器的运转，并采用先进的USB总线技术，将信号发生、信号采集与处理有机地集成为一体的多功能测试仪。本文的第一章介绍了测试仪及其研究应用现状，根据仪器的成本、便携性和通用性要求不断提高的发展趋势，提出了本课题的研究任务和关键技术；第二章从硬件和软件两个方面讨论了测试仪的总体设计方案，并且分别详述了电源模块、USB模块、FPGA模块、DSP模块、A／D模块、D／A模块这六个功能模块的硬件设计；第三章讨论了USB模块相关的软件设计，其中包含USB固件设计、驱动程序设计和客户应用程序设计三个方面的内容，详细论述了各部分软件的架构和主要功能模块的实现。第四章讨论了主控器FPGA的设计，是本文的核心部分。先从总体上介绍了FPGA的设计方案，然后从MCU模块、信号采集模块、信号发生模块三部分具体描述了其实现方式。软件设计上采用了模块化的设计思想，使得结构清晰，可读性强，易于进一步开发；并且灵活的使用了有限状态机，大大提高了程序的稳定性和运行效率。第五章介绍了DSP模块的设计，讨论了波形生成的原理及实现，并提出了与FPGA接口的方式。第六章详细描述了实验的步骤和结果，分别从单通道采样和多通道采样两方面实验，验证了仪器的性能和设计的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Measuring and test instruments are widely used in the fields of national economy and national defense construction, and it is one of the vital and important equipments in scientific research and manufacturing. Its principle is that the signal generator sends excitation signal to the measured object, and at one time the data acquisition and processing equipment acquires the measured object’s response signal via sensors and sends to PC for data processing and analysis. The paper studies the multifunctional measuring and test instrument, which utilizes flexible FPGA as the core of the instrument to harmonize the whole set’s operation, uses advanced USB bus technology, and integrates signal generation and data acquisition into one whole.The first chapter of this thesis introduces the measuring and test instrument and its research and application status. Due to development that request of instrumental cost, portability and universality is steadily going up, we bring forward the project’s research tasks and key technologies.The second chapter discusses the instrument’s general design in two ways of hardware and software, and expends the hardware design of six modules, including power supply module, USB module, FPGA module, DSP module, A/D module and D/A module.The third chapter discusses the software design of USB module, and it contains USB firmware programming, USB drive programming and client application programming. We elaborate on the framework of the parts of software and realization of general function modules.The forth chapter investigates the design of main controller FPGA, and it is central to this paper. We introduce design scheme of FPGA in the mass, and then concretely describe the implementation of MCU module, data acquisition module and signal generation module. We adopt modularized design ideas in programming, and make software clear, more readable and easier to further develop. We also adopt finite-state machine and greatly increase the stability and efficiency of program.The fifth chapter introduces the design of DSP module, discusses the principle and realization of signal generation, and describes the interface of DSP and FPGA.The sixth chapter elaborates on steps and results of experiments. We conduct experiments at two aspects—single-channel data acquisition and multi-channel data acquisition, and validate instrument performance and design feasibility.更多还原