【作者】 王建涌；

【导师】 陈健云； 朱彤；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 水工结构工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着西部大开发战略的实施，一批高拱坝在我国西南部正在或将要开工建设，这些工程库容达数十亿到数百亿立方米，并且大部分处于强烈地震活动区，若发生破坏将带来严重的后果。本文以研究混凝土拱坝的地震破坏形态、破坏机理为目的，从混凝土拱坝动力模型破坏试验入手，结合数值计算研究了混凝土拱坝的可能破坏模式。以试验数据验证数值模拟的精度，从而可以更全面地考察拱坝的抗震性能，为工程设计人员有针对性地采取工程措施进行拱坝抗震设计提供参考。主要内容如下：进行大比尺动力模型破坏试验时，研制出满足相似要求的模型材料成为问题的关键。为了得到模型试验所需要的理想材料，对大连理工大学研制的仿真混凝土材料的力学性能进行了进一步的研究。对仿真混凝土进行了单向应力状态下的拉、压试验，系统地研究了龄期、加载速率等对仿真混凝土强度的影响；进行了抗剪试验、断裂破坏试验，测试了仿真混凝土材料的抗剪强度及断裂韧度；同时研究了仿真混凝土材料弹性模量随龄期变化关系。采用方程分析法，详细介绍了弹性动力模型试验的常用的相似准则，阐述了各自的前提条件以及各相似律之间的转换关系。采用仿真混凝土模型材料，进行了整体、分缝拱坝动力模型破坏试验，研究混凝土拱坝在地震过程中的破坏形态。采用弹脆性损伤模型模拟了混凝土拱坝的损伤破坏过程，分析了拱坝的损伤破坏影响因素，并与试验结果进行了对比分析。本文介绍了一种测缝位移装置，该缝位移计外形类似‘Ω’形状，称之为双欧米伽缝位移计。它能同时测量两个互相垂直的微小相对位移，并成功的应用到拱坝动力模型破坏试验横缝开度测量。进行仿真混凝土材料应变测量时，比较、分析了应变片以及光纤光栅应变计测量技术各自优缺点。对于光纤光栅应变数据，比较了两种常用处理方法，并提出了另一种较为合理的方法。最后对所做工作进行了总结，并提出下一步工作的发展方向和前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 With implementing of the West Grand Development Strategy, one batch of high arch dam is being built or will be constructed in southwest China. The reservoir capacities of these projects reach several billion cubic meters, and most of these projects build in strong earthquake region. Once the dams are failure, It will bring serious consequence. In order to study the dynamic destruction mechanism of concrete arch dam in earthquake, the dynamic shaking table model experiments and FEM-based numerical calculations were adopted to research the possible failure mode. The results offer important reference to engineering designers and anti-seismic design. The major contributions are summarized as follows:In large scale model shaking table test of concrete gravity dam, How to develop a type of similar model material to meet the similar requirements becomes the key to the problem. In order to obtain a ideal material for large scale model test, the mechanical properties of emulation concrete materials inverted by Da Lian University of Technology was further studied. Test on compressive strength and tensile strength were performed and variable relationship between strength of emulation concrete and curing time, loading rate was studied. Test on shear strength and fracture behavior of emulation concrete were also performed and the relation between its modulus and curing time was also analyzed.Similarity theory is the premise of the large scale model experiments. The basic requirements and similarity criteria of dynamic model test were introduced in detail based on the equations analysis methods.Emulation concrete material was used to study the integrated and jointed arch dams failure process in earthquake by shaking table tests. The factors influencing the damage of dam were analyzed through simulation on the failure process of concrete arch dam by using elasto-brittle damage constitutive relations model for concrete. The result of calculations was also compared with test result.In this paper, we introduce a measurement device for the relative displacement of joint. The displacement meter of joints was called double omega displacement meter of joints for its shape liking ’Ω’ It could be used to measure both the relative normal and also the shear displacement between the contact surface simultaneously, and was successfully used to measure the transverse joints aperture on an seismic rupture model test of arch dam. We comparative analysis the advantages and disadvantages of strain gauge and fiber grating sensor in strain measurement of emulation concret. We also compare two common methods for fiber grating strain data processing and put forward a new method for fiber grating strain data processing.At last, drawing the conclusion of the work of the paper, the expectation of advanced research is put forward.更多还原