【作者】 张铁；

【导师】 张军；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着切削加工向高速、高精度、高度自动化方向发展，对切削过程的监控技术也提出了越来越高的要求，而各种自动化机械加工设备与制造系统绝大多数并不具备加工过程的监控功能。为了使这些高度自动化加工设备充分发挥其优良性能，确保加工质量，提高生产效率，对刀具加工过程进行状态监测与控制就越来越重要。大量的研究结果表明，切削状态的每个微小变化都能通过切削力的变化反映出来，检测切削力是目前国内外研究与应用最多的监测方法之一，但这些方法在使用时或多或少的要改变机床的原有部件，影响机床的系统特性，特别是对高精度数控机床影响更大。然而，切削力的准确测量依赖于测力仪本身的性能。本文基于YDC-Ⅲ89压电式动态车削测力仪在测试过程中失真信号的监测与分析，采用有限元法对测力仪结构进行了热结构分析，得出其在切削热作用下该测力仪的温度场分布及应力场分布，同时采用模拟实验的方法对有限元分析结果进行了验证。从而得出测力仪在动态测试时，切削热对其性能的影响规律。两种方法均证明了切削热是压电车削测力仪动态测试信号失真的主要原因。为了消除切削热对测力仪工作状态的影响，本文分别从压电原理应用和预紧方式两方面对测力仪结构进行了设计。从压电原理应用角度考虑，设计了一种双弹性环结构，并对该测力仪结构中的关键尺寸进行了有限元优化；从预紧方式考虑，在对压电式铣削测力仪的研究基础上，成功研制了一种新型的分体式测力仪，该结构的突出特点是：测力仪主要由刀头、传感器、刀杆等几本分组成，便于拆装。并可大大减少切削热对测力仪性能的影响。最后，对分体式测力仪进行了静态、动态标定实验以及切削实验，实验结果表明该车削测力传感器大大改进了测力仪的性能，完全可以用于实际测量，传感器的技术指标全面达到CIRP-STCC规定的测力仪标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 The monitor technology is higher requested in cutting process which develops to high speed, high precision and automatization. It is more and more important to monitor and control cutting process in order to make the automatization equipment work under best condition, ensure the quality of machining and improve manufacturing efficiency. Much study on cutting process indicates that every small change of cutting state can be reflected via the change of cutting force. Measuring cutting force is one of the most common monitoring methods in domestic and external. Some parts of machine tool will be changed which will influence the characteristic of machine tool, especially high precision NC machine tool.However,the cutting forces are measured which rely on its own performance of dynamometer.this paper Bases on Dynamometer of YDC-III89 on Cutting distortion signal monitoring and analying in the process of testing,using finite element method to analyse the performance of dynamometer in thermal and structure,and educing the distributing of temperature field and stress field. Furthermore,this paper also validates finite element analysis results in virtue of simulation experiment and gained the influencing rule of cutting heat in the end.the results proved the influence of cutting heat to Dynamometer of Piezoelectricity on Cutting.In order to eliminate the influence of cutting heat, the structure of dynamometer is changed through the application principle of piezoelectric materials and the way of pretension.Finite element method is used to analyse the stiffness of the new designed dynamometer with two elastic rings and optimize the key dimensions. Another new dynamometer which is made up of cutter head,sensors and cutter holder. This structure is easy to assemble and avoids the influence of cutting heat.The results of experiment of static demarcation,dynamic demarcation and cutting test show that the new design dynamometer has fully improved the performance of dynamometer and reached dynamic dynamometer’s standard which is stipulated by CIRP-STCC.更多还原