多视点需求工程的形式化方法研究

【作者】 邵婧；

【导师】 曹桂涛； 琚小明；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 软件工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在软件开发过程中，人们越来越清楚地认识到软件需求工程(以下简称需求工程)是软件生产自动化的关键环节，在传统的软件需求过程中，在需求阶段会涉及很多不同的参与人员，他们对需求的看法不同，表达方式不同，人们需要采用新的需求工程方法来解决这些问题。提出了面向多视点的需求工程方法，采用视点形式获取和组织不同用户需求，把系统需求划分成为多个视点需求。本文主要介绍了视点及多视点中视点模板中的视点描述部分，运用视点模板用物资管理系统中两个不同观察角度的人来说明视点描述可以用多种方法。UML用例图，数据转换图(DFD)，Z语言。本文主要工作将形式化方法Z语言运用在视点模板中的视点描述，结合物资管理系统实例，给出了物资管理系统的Z语言定义描述和模式，包括采购部门，需用计划，计划人员，新建计划，添加新建计划，及如何找到被审批的计划。为了便于集成不同风格的需求描述模式和检测多需求模型或规约，本文基于视点代理概念，实现了如何将物资管理系统依据视点代理依据规则自主将状态转换图转化成中间元语言。通过对视点模板，视点描述语言，视点代理的研究，可以得出多视点在实际应用中更能高效率的表达用户的需求，从而形成更完善的需求规格说明书，结合形式化的方法更能够运用数学方法的表述和研究应用。同时对于中间语言的研究是把不同风格的需求描述模式的语法和语义有机的结合到一起，从而有利于多需求模型或规约的集成或者检测。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the software development process, It is increasingly clear understanding of the n-eeds of software engineering is the key of automation software. In traditional software requirement process, it is very hard to maintain a perfect specification by using traditional requirements engineering in requirements analysis for large software system.This paper introduces Viewpoint, multiple viewpoints and the ViewPoint template description, using templates to view material management system in the perspective of two different people to illustrate the description of the viewpoint can be described using a variety of methods. UML use case diagram, data conversion diagram (DFD), Z language. This paper will use formal methods Z language in the Viewpoint template description, with examples of material management system, which is given Z language descriptions of definitions and modalities, including procure-ment departments, required plan, new schemes, add new programs and how to find the plan was approved. In order to facilitate the integration of different styles and models describing the requirement model, introducing a concept, viewpoint agent, and acting viewpoint based on the concept of how to view material management system based on rule-based independent agents will be transformed into a state of intermediate language.The research of the Viewpoint template, the Description Language View, Viewpoint agent, we can arrive at more practical viewpoint in more efficient application of user needs, thereby creating demand for better specifications manuals, and the combination of formal methods, the method can be applied mathematical formulation and application. For intermediate language study is the different styles of requirement model describes the syntax and semantics combined with organic, and thus more conducive to the specification or requirement model of integration or testing.更多还原