【作者】 姜辉；

【导师】 李小明；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 印染行业为了改善纺织品的性质需在其中加入多种有机助剂和油剂,这样在高温定型过程中,这些有机物质会大量挥发出来,形成染整定型机废气,对周围环境和居民生活造成很大影响,因此染整定型机废气的污染问题日益得到人们的重视。本文系统介绍染整定型机废气的产生过程,综述现有处理技术中的机械净化、喷淋洗涤、静电除尘和焚烧技术的特点以及在处理过程中存在的问题。针对染整定型机废气中油烟颗粒粒径小大多为次微米级,造成透明度差和具有恶臭气味的特点,提出一套新工艺(换热器、喷淋洗涤和冷凝式静电除尘三级处理)解决染整定型机废气的污染问题,从理论上评述该工艺的可行性。染整定型的能耗占纺织工业总能耗的40%,通过热量回收可以减少定型过程燃料消耗,喷淋洗涤可以对染整定型机废气进行有效的降温,经过冷凝式静电除尘器深度处理,彻底消除透明度差和恶臭气味的影响,达到较高的环境效益。染整定型机在实际过程中存在治理深度不高的问题,再者由于我国对染整定型机废气的治理起步较晚,缺乏相关的排放标准和适宜的检测方法。由于染整定型机废气含有大量的油类物质,参考饮食业油烟的排放标准和检测方法,通过实验找出简单可行的检测方法,和提出新的控制排放标准。用紫外分光光度法可以有效对染整定型机废气进行检测,但由于测量值为染整定型机废气油烟的质量浓度,用质量浓度作为染整定型机废气排放标准制定的依据,不能有效控制细小颗粒造成不透明度的影响,所以可以用激光粒度仪测量染整定型机废气油烟颗粒数目作为废气的排放标准,因为不透明度仅与颗粒的数目正相关,与质量浓度没有明显的关系,这样可以有效控制染整定型机废气导致不透明度的影响。通过大量实验验证新工艺中喷淋洗涤和静电除尘两级相连在染整定型机废气处理中的效率,分别考察喷淋水的用量、喷淋水的温度以及喷淋塔进气浓度和温度对油烟去除效率的影响;在冷凝式静电除尘器考察冷凝水的温度、电极形状、进气浓度和温度对处理效果的影响。优化实验条件达到最佳的处理效率,并理论上分析达到理想效果的原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 The organic assistant and oil which can improve the performance of fabric are heated to volatilize across the high temperature tenter framer. The organic compound, water vapor and heated air form tenter frame exhaust. The exhausts take an acute impact on the surrounding environment and the life of residents. The pollution problems of the tenter frame exhaust are paid more attention at present.The paper systematically introduces the process of the exhaust generation. It summarizes the feature of the tenter frame exhaust treatment technology which includes mechanic cleaning, heat exchanger, spray scrubber, electrostatic precipitator and incineration and the problem of treatment. Considering the nature of the exhaust which is opaque and malodorous, The paper poses a new control standard of the tenter frame exhaust emission——by control the number of sub-micron particulate matter to control the exhaust emission, in the way the pollution problem of the tenter frame exhaust can be solved. The energy consumption of tenter framer is 40% of all energy consumption. The heat exchanger can reduce the energy consumption; the spray scrubber can make the temperature of exhaust gravitate; the condensing electrostatic precipitator can abate the oil mist and odor. The new technology can achieve the better effect of the environment.The problem of the tenter frame exhaust treatment is that the mist can’t efficiently treat. The treatment of the tenter framer exhaust is late start. In our country there is lack of relevant emission standard and detection methods. As the tenter framer exhaust contains a large number of oil mists, the emission standard and detection methods can consult the catering fume. Through a simple experiment a viable detection methods and new emission control standards can be found. Using UV spectrophotometer can effectively detect the tenter frame exhaust, but the measurements can only detect the mass concentration of the exhaust. With the mass concentration of tenter framer exhaust emission standards formulated can not effectively control the transparent which small particles result in. Hence laser particle measurement can be used as a number of exhaust particle emissions standards. Because transparency is only correlated with the number of particles and no apparent relationship with the mass concentration, so as to effectively control the transparency effects. Through simple experimental, the efficiency of the new technology which the spray scrubber and electrostatic precipitator are connected in the tenter framer can be verified. All that the sprinkling of water consumption, water temperature and the sprinkler spray tower inlet concentration and temperature are on the function of removal efficiency; in condensing electrostatic precipitator study, the factors which include the condensed water temperature, electrode shape, inlet concentration and temperature are relevant to the effects of treatment. Optimal conditions for the better efficiency .By theoretical analysis of the reasons the desired results can be Achieved更多还原