【作者】 高阳洋；

【导师】 孙刚；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 热能工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着高层、超高层建筑的大量建造，建筑能耗不断加剧，而能源短缺又日益严重，因此建筑节能变得尤为重要。外墙是建筑围护结构最主要的部分，通过外墙传热所造成的能耗损失约占建筑外围护结构总能耗损失的48％，因此，研究高层建筑外墙的保温节能特性是十分必要的。首先，对哈尔滨地区几个典型结构高层建筑外墙的传热系数及温度场进行了现场检测。结果表明，高层框架结构外墙和剪力墙结构外墙相比，前者的保温材料厚度可相对小些，保温材料性能可相对差些；同时，建议后者选用高效保温材料。另外，供暖模式影响墙体内表面温度及热流密度的变化幅度。其次，对检测过程的影响因素给予了分析。分析表明，墙体传热阻的检测误差受墙体热惰性、室外风速以及热流计本身的影响。给出了相应的修正公式。再次，基于检测中墙体传热过程的非稳态数值模拟，验证了本文选用的数值模拟方法的可行性。通过对比分析不同保温形式的优缺点，以及模拟不同保温形式下外墙内表面温度的稳定性和墙体结构层的温差，说明外保温体系的优势。另外，对墙体的衰减倍数和延迟时间进行了研究。证明二者受墙体保温形式，墙体结构层材料以及保温材料的影响。建议哈尔滨地区，保温材料选用挤塑苯板，结构层优先选用陶粒空心砌块。最后，以哈尔滨地区某一框架结构高层建筑为例，分析了保温材料的最优厚度。计算出了哈尔滨地区高层建筑常用的外保温墙体保温层最优厚度，并通过经济回收期的计算，证明外保温墙体既节能又省钱。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the construction of high-rise and extra-high-rise buildings, building energy consumption intensifies unceasingly. At the same time, the energy shortage becomes serious day by day. Therefore, building energy-saving becomes especially important today. The external wall, being the most important part of the building envelope, creats nearly 48 percent of the total energy loss caused by the building envelope. So, the research of the thermal insulation performance of the external wall in high-rise buildings is extremely essential.First, the heat transfer coefficient and the temperature fields of several typical external wall of high-rise buildings in Harbin were measured on site. Through the contrast of the external wall of high-rise frame and shearwall structure buildings, we can include that the thickness of insulating materials of the former one can be relatively thinner, and the thermal performance could be relatively poorer. And, high efficient thermal insulating materials are commended for the latter one. Besides, the change of the heat flow and the change of the temperature of the internal surface of the wall are both influenced by the heatingmode.Secondly, some factors influencing the process of the tests have been analyzed. The results show that the measure error of the thermal resistance of the wall is influenced not only by the thermal inertia of the wall, but also by the wind speed outdoors, as well as the heat flow meter itself. In addition, the thermal resistance has been modified in this paper.Thirdly, based on transient thermal transfer simulation of the walls which were tested, the simulation method chosen in this paper was proved feasible. Through the contrast of the good points and bad points of the different ways of heat preservation, as well as the simulation of the stability of the internal surface temperature of the wall and the temperature difference of the main body of the wall, the advantage of the external thermal insulation has been displayed.In addition, on the base of the research of attenuation multiple and delay time, we include that they are both influenced by the ways of heat preservation, the type of the main body materials, as well as the thermal insulation materials. So, the structure with ceramsite hollow block for the main body of the wall and XPSpanels for the insulation material, is suggested in Harbin area.Finally, taking a frame structure high-rise building in Harbin for example, the optimal thickness of insulation material has been analyzed. In this chapter, the optimal thickness of insulation materials, which are commonly used in the external insulated walls of high-rise buildings in Harbin, are displayed. What’s more, by means of the calculations of the economic recovery period of insulating system, we can see that external insulated walls save both energy and money.更多还原