【作者】 王凯；

【导师】 叶青；

【作者基本信息】 华东政法学院 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 军事刑事诉讼制度是军事程序法体系中的重要内容,也是国家刑事诉讼制度的有机组成部分,战时军事刑事审判更是以其特有的个性区别于普通司法活动和平时军事司法活动。当今世界,战争仍然时时威胁着人类的生存环境。战争状态下,国家和军队必须用比平常更为快捷和严厉的手段,打击各种犯罪活动,以保证战争的胜利,维护国家的根本利益。而现代战争的特点是高技术条件下的局部战争,作战向一体化、高速度、全天候、全时辰连续作战发展,战场空间的扩展,以及战争形态、作战样式的变化,必然给战时军事刑事审判工作带来诸多新问题。对此,大多数西方国家都制定了符合本国国情、军情的军事刑事诉讼法,建立了包括平时和战时在内的军事刑事诉讼制度。自新中国成立以来,我国少有战事,故军事刑事诉讼活动所依据的实体法和程序法一直沿用国家普通法的规定,至于战时军事刑事审判制度的理论研究更是近乎空白。这种战时军事刑事诉讼理论研究基础极为薄弱、对战时军事刑事诉讼立法重视不够、军事审判机构设置模式和审判程序的平时化,不仅难以适应现代战争战场范围广、参战军兵种多、部队机动性强、协同复杂,作战样式转换迅速的特点,而且还会出现管辖漏洞等诸多问题,军事司法机关如果仍按照平时刑事诉讼制度的规定处理案件,军事司法活动的正常开展将会受到阻碍,难以形成高效、有序的军事司法秩序,给维护战时社会秩序、确保赢得战争胜利带来了严重的隐患。面对新军事革命的挑战,面对军事斗争的现实需要,回顾我国战时军事刑事审判制度的历史与现状,我们必须重新构建起适应战时需要的既不同于普通刑事审判,也有别于平时军事刑事审判的战时军事刑事审判制度。为此,本文特选战时军事刑事审判制度为题,首先论证分析了战时军事刑事审判制度的概念、特点与作用,在刑事实体法与程序法的比较中界定了本文“战时”定义的内涵和外延;接着对中外军事司法领域中战时军事刑事审判理论和实践进行了认真梳理,在辩证考量我国战时军事刑事审判工作的特点和需要的基础上,针对当前我国战时军事刑事审判制度的缺陷,大胆地提出了有关战时军事刑事审判基本原则、审判机构及其管辖权设置、审判程序的简化及战时执行与监督等诉讼程序中应当完善的若干立法设想,希冀于战时从简从快处理军事犯罪与维护司法公正保障基本人权的探索过程中,对促进我国战时军事刑事诉讼立法及军事审判实践有所裨益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Military criminal procedure system is the most important part in the military procedure law, and also that of state criminal procedure system. In essence, the military criminal trial is different from that of common system and peacetime. Nowadays, war has been threatening the existence of human being. In wartime, state and troops shall be restricted in the form to stack all kinds of criminal activities, in order to achieve the success of war, to keep guard of state interest. While the character of modern war is the partial formality under high technology, the highlights the full integration, high speed, all day and all night, at the same time, the extension of war field and the change of war formality, inevitably brings about new challenges to the military criminal trial in the military court.As to the same questions, most western countries have postulated their own tailored military criminal law, established the comprehensive systems, covering peacetime and wartime. In China, since the PRC established in 1949, the fact of less war caused the present situation of more dependency of common criminal trial, and almost nothing in the related institutions of wartime system. Obviously, less attention to the legislative work and the weak basic jurisprudence cannot be suited to the development of modern war. So it is the serious obstacle to for China to win the success of war. When confronted with new military revolution, the realistic need of military struggle, if we are going to review the historical and present of wartime military criminal trial, the reasonable reaction shall be the reestablishment of the modern military criminal trial system, which shall be rooted in the full consideration of character of the wartime.The article is titled with the‘military criminal trial in wartime’, and the structure is formed into three parts: Firstly, it analyzes the concept, character and function of the system and defined the inherent and out sphere of the‘wartime’; Secondly, it compares the theories and practices between east and west countries and introduced the general principles, authorities, jurisdiction and summary procedure, and so on; Thirdly and finally, the author tries to balance the conflicts between the efficiency of wartime trial and values including judicial justice and/or human rights, to add some helpful insights into the improvement of Chinese legislation and judgment in the field of wartime military criminal procedure.更多还原