【作者】 刘洋；

【导师】 牛昱光； 何小刚；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 泥沙含量测量在水利、海洋、生态环境等领域占据着重要的位置，高效能、高精度的测量技术一直受到国内外测控专家广泛的关注，并对此做了大量的研究。超声波在传播中具有良好的束射性和方向性，易于产生，成本低廉，不受环境的限制，使用超声波技术实现泥沙含量测量的技术难度相对较小，因此，在很多领域得到广泛应用。传统的泥沙含量测量采用称重法或光学法，其硬件结构主要是采用单片机，而测量算法只是做简单的信号比较。这种方法在一些要求不高的场合可以应用，但是，由于单片机芯片本身的限制以及算法的相对简单，使得测量精度较低，易受到环境中很多因素的干扰。而且，对于不同地区和不同泥沙含量的液体，需要使用不同频率的超声波进行测量，目前还没有一种适合本地区泥沙含量测量的仪器。本文首先分析了超声传感器的原理，又具体分析了泥沙含量测量的理论依据、测量方法和本地区泥沙的特征，在深入分析了超声波的性能特点以及超声波泥沙含量测量原理的基础上，设计了基于TMS320F2812高性能32位数字信号处理器的泥沙含量传感器的软、硬件，并针对具有本地区特性的亚粘土泥沙进行了超声波衰减实验，本设计方案采用数字信号处理方法使得硬件结构变得简单易行。实验结果表明，实验中确定的频率范围适合测量本地区液体中的泥沙含量，而且与传统测量方法相比，这种设计方法在一定程度上提高了测量精度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Measurement of silt are very important on field of water, ocean and biology, Attention of measurement technology with high efficient and high precision have been extensively paid by experts of these area domestic and international. With excellent character of beam emission and direction when transmitting, supersonic is easy available, inexpensive, unrestricted by environment, and less difficult when measuring. It is comparatively easy to use supersonic technology to accomplish the technique of silt measurement. As a result, supersonic is widely used in a majority of area.Traditional adapted main principal of silt measurement is weighing and lighting. The primary choice of hardware is various of singlechips and the arithmetic of measurement is to gain come-and -go time through simple compare of signal, accordingly, this method is adapted in less demanding occasion. However, because of intrinsic disadvantage of singlechips and relative simple of arithmetic, this measurement’s precision is low and the results are sensitive to environment, moreover, Different frequency supersonic is needed to different region and silt content, there are no common device for this region’s fluid of silt.We analyzed the theory of supersonic sensor firstly, and concrete analyzed measurement method of silt and the principle of silt measurement, explicate characteristic of supersonic and silt of this region. We designed the software and hardware of silt sensor based on high performance 32bits DSP of TMS320F2812. Making many experiment in accord with silt of this region. The result indicate that the structure of this design based on DSP made the handware easy, and the frequency range are proper for local silt fluid, comparing with traditional method we improve the precision to some extent.更多还原