【作者】 吴海涛；

【导师】 张锦；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着GPS技术的发展，由GPS定位获取的大地高直接解求厘米级精度的正高或正常高已成为一种趋势，其实现可以减轻外业工作量，大大提高工作效率，从而带来直接的经济效益。而实现这一目标的前提条件是确定一个达到足够精度的(似)大地水准面。确定厘米级的区域(似)大地水准面是当今大地测量学研究的热点，它将为基础测绘、数字中国地理空间基础框架、区域沉降监测、地学研究、交通、水利、电力等多学科研究．与应用提供必要的测绘服务。本文首先介绍了大地水准面精化的意义和国内外大地水准面精化发展动态，系统地研究了精化区域大地水准面的原理和各种方法，并分别对其中的重力法和几何法进行了详细的讨论和研究。在重力法中，研究了重力法精化大地水准面的理论和主要技术、(似)大地水准面的计算模型、区域厘米级大地水准面精化的实施方法。在几何法中，介绍了天文水准、卫星测高和GPS／水准三种方法，并着重研究了GPS／水准拟合法：常数拟合、曲线拟合(多项式曲线拟合、三次样条曲线拟合和Akima法曲线拟合)和曲面拟合(多项式曲面拟合、移动曲面拟合、多面函数拟合和样条函数拟合)。此外，还研究了地球重力场模型和拟合相结合的方法。结合测区GPS／水准资料，采用多项式曲面拟合模型、移动曲面拟合模型和多面函数模型，用VB自编程序做了拟合试验和精度分析，得出相关结论，取得良好效果，拟合的区域似大地水准面可应用于GPS大地高与正常高之间的转换。之后，介绍了地球重力场模型理论，研究了如何利用地球重力场模型和GPS／水准数据，采用移去～恢复方法计算区域似大地水准面，进而求解正常高的方法，并结合实例将其与常规拟合的结果进行比较，对其在生产应用中的可行性进行了分析。最后，分析了大地水准面精化的误差来源，并总结了不同情况下区域大地水准面精化的方法和改进办法。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the recent advance in GPS technique, direct transformation from GPS-derived ellipsoidal heights to orthometric heights or normal heights in centimeter level becomes inevitable. Its implement can produce direct economic benefits by tremendously reducing laborious field tasks so as to increase efficiency. However, the precondition of realizing this goal is to determinate an accurate geoid or quasi-geoid. Currently, regional geoid or quasi-geoid determination with centimeter level is the focus of geodesy research, it will provide mufti-disciplinary research and application such as base map up date, digital China geo-spatial framework, regional monitoring on settlement, earth science research, traffic, water conservancy and electric power with essential mapping service.To begin with, the article analyses the importance of refining regional geoid and its developments in China and abroad. Then it studies systematically the basic theories and principles of refining regional geoid and digs into the methods of gravity and geometer respectively. In the gravity method, it describes the theories and techniques in determining a precise regional geoid, the computing model of geoid, means of determining regional centimeter rank accurate geoid. In the geometrical method, it introduces three methods, astronomy leveling, satellite altimetry and GPS/leveling. It especially describes GPS/leveling fitting methods: figure fitting, curve fitting (multinomial curve fitting, cubic sp line curve fitting and Akima curve fitting) and curved surface fitting (multinomial curved surface fitting, moving curved surface fitting, Hardy function interpolation fitting and SP function fitting). Besides, it also describes the method of integrating fitting and global geopotential model. Combining measuring region GPS/leveling data thesis adopts the multinomial surface fitting model and move curve surface fitting model and Hardy function interpolation model, author has developed a VB program to do the test and analyze its accuracy and draws several satisfied conclusions. The fitting regional quasi-gieod can be applied into the shift between GPS height and normal height. Then, it introduces the theory of global geopotential model and studies how to determine regional quasi-geoid with remove～restore method, GPS/leveling data and global geopotential model, gaining the normal height at last. Based on the comparison, its feasibility is also analyzed.At last, it analyzes the error resources of regional geoid refining and summarizes how to choose a proper method in different conditions.更多还原