【作者】 孙军；

【导师】 周伟；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 “公益诉讼”是一项重要的法律制度，在我国很有建立的必要。值得注意的是，我国在构建和完善的“公益诉讼”的时候，应当结合我国的特点进行科学的设计。在社会生活中，我们经常可以看到或者听到类似的事例，比如历史文化古迹被毁，珍贵文物被破坏，濒危的珍稀自然物种被戕害。为了保护好这些关乎社会公益的历史文化宝贝或者自然宝贝，专家学者为之呼吁，普通百姓为之奔走，更有“好事之人”勇敢地站出来，向法院提起诉讼，用法律武器来进行保护。其结果令人失望，因为现行的行政诉讼法中原告资格理论将原告资格限定在与本案有直接利害关系主体之中。这一理论越来越受到现实的挑战。在目前情况下，建立和完善公益诉讼制度，首要的是加快“公益诉讼”的立法，为此笔者提出建立和完善中国特色社会主义法律制度，加强对“公益诉讼”问题的理论性研究和探讨。如今，检察机关在环境保护、国有资产保护等方面做了积极探索，为公益诉讼的立法与完善提供了大量有效实例。在现行的程序体制中，我们要关注“公益诉讼”的程序模式的建设问题，进一步明确检察机关和社会公众在公益诉讼中地位和作用，建立社会公众参与制度，尤其是社会公众在环境公益诉讼的参与方式。由于公益诉讼涉及整个社会公益，它需要整个司法界正确理解法律，把握整个社会关系，做到公正、及时处理案件。检察机关要承担起这一重要使命，它在行使自己的法律监督职责的同时，接受广大人民群众的监督和各级人大的有效监督。为此，在我国公益诉讼制度构建过程中，我们必须运用宣传等手段着力提高公民的公益保护意识和民众参与意识，并采取有效的制度——社会公众参与制度，调动公民维护公共利益和民主参与的积极性，为公益诉讼制度的建立和运作创造良好的社会氛围和条件。本文共分三章。第一章：公益研诉讼的理论研究。公益诉讼制度起源于罗马法。是相对于私益诉讼而言，公益诉讼乃是为了维护社会公共利益的诉讼，除法律有特别规定者外，凡市民均可以提起。近现代，随着资本主义工业化大生产的出现、垄断集团有能力从自身利益出发争夺公共利益，这使得保护公共利益成为公众的迫切需要。与此同时，公益诉讼案例的增加也促进了现代公益诉讼制度的发展和完善。本章概述了公益诉讼的概念、特点、分类；分析了西方公益诉讼制度的两种模式和它们各自的立法现状；给出了公益诉讼的基础概念。第二章：确立中国特色的“公益诉讼”法律制度。在我国建立的公益诉讼法律制度必须府合我国的社会现实。通过从检察机关提起公益诉讼的必要性、及我国建立公益诉讼的重要性、可行性措施的分析，深入论证我国构建中国特色的公益诉讼的模式和方式。第三章：明确检察机关在公益诉讼中原告资格的意义。借鉴国外先进公益诉讼的经验，在我国构建起以检察机关公益诉讼为主，其他公益团体和社会组织公益私诉为铺的具有中国特色的公益诉讼制度。在明确检察机关行使公益诉讼的适用范围的同时，提倡建立在环境公益诉讼中公众的参与制度，以弥补国家在环境公益保护中的不足，顺应当今的国际潮流。综上所述，我国应当尽早建立公益诉讼的法律制度，建立起有效的公益诉讼机制，以推进我国社会主义法制建设。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is an important legal regime for "The public welfare lawsuit" , and it is very much essential to establish in our country, But, when we are constructing and consummating our socialist legal system, we must design it sciencely according to our country’s characteristic. In our social life, we may see or hears the similar instance frequently. For instance ,the history cultural monument and the precious cultural relic is destroyed, the rare and precious natural species are in imminent danger and is injured, At that time, in order to protect he historical culture treasure or the natural treasure from the social public welfare t, Although there were the experts who appealed for it, there was the common people who ran for it, but there was person who liked to do thing to stand bravely, filed the lawsuit to the court, carries on the protection with the legal method. The result is the justice and the morals appears palely and weakly in front of the authority dignity. The traditional administrative proceedings plaintiff qualifications theory defined the plaintiff qualifications in the direct stake with this case, this theory more and more receives the realistic challenge.In the present situation, it is most important aspect to speed up the legislation on "the public welfare lawsuit" and to establish and consummate public welfare lawsuit system, author proposes to establishe and consummate the Chinese characteristic socialism legal regime for this, and to strengthen to research and the discuse "the public welfare lawsuit" theory, The present stage, the procuratorial agency is explorating positively, such as environmental protection , state asset protection does, these provide the massive effective examples for the public welfare lawsuit legislation and it’s consummation, Pays attention to our country "the public welfare lawsuit" procedure pattern and it’sconstruction,Further is clear about the procuratorial agency in the public welfare lawsuit the status and the function, establishes the system to urge the social public to join in, and clears status about the social public in the public welfare lawsuit, in particular it in environment public welfare lawsuit..Because the public welfare lawsuit involves the entire social public profit, it needs the entire judicial world to understand law correctly, and to grasp the entire social relations, and to process case fairly and promptly, the procuratorial agency will undertake this important mission by its special legal surveillance status, and it will accept broad masses’s surveillance and National People’s Congress’s oversight actively, , Therefore, in our country public welfare lawsuit system construction process, we must using methods on propaganda and exert oneself to raise citizen’s public welfare protection consciousness and the sense of participation of the populace, and we must adopt the effective system which is society public to participate in, and transfer the citizen to maintain the public interest and the democratic participation enthusiasm, establish and operate good society atmosphere and condition for public welfare lawsuit system .This article altogether is divided three chapters. Chapter 1: To investigate the theory on the public welfare lawsuit. It is the public welfare lawsuit system which origins from the Roman law. It is opposite in the private benefit lawsuit, it is the public welfare lawsuit which is the lawsuit in order to maintain the social public interest, every resident may mention besides the law has the special regulation. At the near modern age, the monopoly group has ability to embark the contention public interest from own benefit along with the Capitalist industrialization big production appearance.it is a urgent need to protect public interes, carried on the lawsuit case for the public interest to increase, promoted the modern public welfare lawsuit system to develop and the consume. I Introduce the concept, the characteristic, the classification,about public welfare lawsuit.and analyze two kind of patterns about the Western public welfare lawsuit system and their legislation present situation respectively, give the foundation concept about the public welfare lawsuit.Chapter 2: To establish the legal regime on the Chinese characteristic "the public welfare lawsuit". It must match our country’s social reality to establish the legal regime about the public welfare lawsuit in our country. Through it is necessary to file the public welfare lawsuit from the procuratorial agency, and it is important and feasible for our country to establishe the public welfare lawsuit, I prove the pattern and the way in our country to construct the Chinese characteristic about the public welfare lawsuit.Chapter 3: Clear the significance on the status and the function of Our country Procuratorial agency in the public welfare lawsuit, Profits the experience on advanced public welfare lawsuit from the overseas, in our country , it has Chinese characteristic in public welfare lawsuit system, ie,it is primarily to construct the procuratorial agency public welfare lawsuit, it is secondary to file the public welfare lawsuit for other public welfare association and the social organization which can file private lawsuit in order to public welfare, at the same time, I clear the applicable scope about the procuratorial agency to exercise the public welfare lawsuit, and advocate the public participating in system about the specific environment public welfare lawsuit, make up the insufficiency about national in environment public welfare protection, accommodate now tidal current on international development. In summary, our country must establish the public welfare lawsuit as soon as possible, establishe the effective public welfare lawsuit mechanism, advance our country socialist legal system construction.更多还原