【作者】 范蕾蕾；

【导师】 刘世龙；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 抗日战争初期，为了救助并培养不断产生的难童，各社会团体、国民政府及各地民众积极展开儿童保育工作。在国统区各地，特别是在作为大后方的四川和陪都重庆，政府和社会团体设立了大量儿童保育机构，教养各地抢救而来的难童、阵亡将士子女、生活困难的抗属子女、因家长参加抗战工作而无力照料的儿童及保育机构所在地贫苦儿童、流浪儿童，取得了较好的成绩。过去，学术界曾对战时儿童保育会的活动概况、妇女组织在抗战时期儿童保育工作中的作用、振济委员会主办儿童教养院的儿童教养概况等进行了研究。但到目前为止，学界对抗战时期四川和重庆儿童保育工作的研究还很缺乏。本文以四川和重庆为中心，对战时儿童保育会、战时儿童救济协会等社会团体和各级政府的儿童保育活动进行综合研究，以展现抗战时期的儿童保育工作的概貌。本文除引论和结语外，共分四章，第一章主要介绍抗战以前儿童保育思想的源流及实践，概述了我国儿童保育思想的发展及在其指导下的儿童保育实践，并指出传统保育工作存在的问题；第二章主要介绍抗战时期儿童保育运动的缘起过程；第三章是论述的重点，以四川和重庆为主要考察对象，论述了战时儿童保育工作开展的具体情况，包括保育管理、四川和重庆儿童保育机构的设立及儿童保育机构教养儿童概况等；第四章对抗战时期的儿童保育工作进行了评价，总结了战时儿童保育工作的特点、意义及存在的种种问题，试图达到为我国当代儿童福利事业提供参考的目的。抗战时期的儿童保育工作，在各方面的共同努力下，有政府颁布的相应规章制度做保证，有一批具有社会工作经验的热心人士的领导和参与，有各地民众的积极支持。由于运用了现代社会救助理念，在儿童保育过程中，保育工作者注重“教养合一”的方式，并考虑到了儿童的个体差异，因材施教，有些保育院还对儿童进行心理教育，抚平儿童的心理阴影。这与以往只为被救助儿童提供生活保障的情形相比，有了很大的改进；对于儿童的成长，具有积极意义。同时，战时儿童保育工作还引起了国人对儿童福利事业的重视，丰富了民国时期的儿童福利思想，为抗战胜利后儿童福利事业的发展奠定了一定的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the first Anti-Japanese War period, in order to salving and nourishing the continuously increasing displaced Child, public communities, national government and various people launch the child-care work actively. The government and public communities established many child asylums in China especially in Sichuan and Chongqing, where the displaced child and other children who need help can get salvation. These asylums got lots of achievement.In the past, academic field had researched the activities for child salvation organizations in wartime, functions of women’s organization for displaced child salvation, the nourishment and education situation in the child asylums established by the Relieving Committee and etc. But till now, the synthesis research of the displaced child salvation in Sichuan and Chongqing during the anti-Japanese war period is very lacking .Centering about Sichuan and Chongqing, this dissertation researches the activities of social communities and government to present the general situation of the displaced child salvation during the Anti-Japanese War period.This dissertation has four main parts. Part 1 introduces the thoughts of child care before the anti-Japanese war, outlines the development of child-care thoughts and the practice of child-care in China, and points out the problems of traditional child care. Part 2 introduces the origin process of the displaced childcare. Part 3 is the focal point of the whole dissertation. Focus on the situation of Sichuan and Chongqing, it discusses the concrete circumstance of the displace child care during the Anti-Japanese War period, including the management of child care, the asylums established in Sichuan and Chongqing, and the nourishment and education situation in these child asylums. Part 4 evaluates displace child care during the Anti-Japanese War period and summarizes the characteristics, meanings and various problems of the displaced child care, trying to provide references for contemporary child’s welfare of China.With the efforts from various aspects and guaranteed by the relevant regulations and rules formulated by government, the displaced child salvation during the Anti-Japanese War period is supported by many warm-hearted and experienced leaders and people, and supported by public. Owing to the idea of modern social salvation, child-care workers paid attention to the combination of nourishment and education, and gave the proper education according to individuals. Some child asylums supplied psychology education to guide child positively. Compare to situation that only nourished displaced child before, this makes a big improvement. The work made the children grow up healthily. Meanwhile, this child-care work evoked common care for child welfare. It enriched the idea of child welfare, and established the base of child welfare after the war.更多还原