【作者】 谢国成；

【导师】 赵小平；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 无论是侵权法还是合同法，无论是中国还是其他国家乃至国际性组织，都将损害赔偿作为当事人承担法律责任的最重要方式；在合同法上，违约损害赔偿制度更被认为是现代合同法之核心，违约损害赔偿理论也是众多法学专家研究的重要内容。在合同法实践中，损害赔偿也在违约责任的承担中应用得越来越广泛。只有理论研究的深入和司法实践的不断探索，违约损害赔偿制度才会不断地得到完善，以适应社会和经济发展的需要。在我国，目前尽管违约损害赔偿制度已有了很大进步，但较之法律实务的现实需求及国际发展趋势，亦存在急需改进与完善的地方。本文正是应法律实践的需要，尝试从比较法的角度，就违约损害赔偿的一些基本而重要的问题力图作深入、系统、全面的研究和探讨。全文除引言和结语外，共分六章。对具体合同类型的违约损害赔偿问题并不在本文探讨范围之内。各章内容概述如下：第一章，违约损害赔偿概述。本章是对违约损害赔偿基本理论的研究，主要研究违约损害赔偿的概念、特征、与侵权损害赔偿的比较、归责原则与适用条件、损害赔偿与其他违约补救方式的适用等内容。本章还探讨了效率违约理论及我国的违约责任替代制度，并提出引入效率违约的基本理念，完善我国违约责任替代制度的建议。第二章，违约损害赔偿之范围——完全赔偿原则。本章从违约损害赔偿的最高原则——完全赔偿入手，认为违约损害赔偿的范围包括积极损失和可得利益损失，阐述了期待利益与信赖利益的相关问题，并依据完全赔偿原则对根本违约、预期违约等几种违约形态下的具体赔偿范围作了界定，最后对作为完全赔偿原则之例外的违约惩罚性赔偿问题进行了研究。第三章，违约损害赔偿的限制规则。本章研究可预见规则、减轻损害规则、过失相抵规则、损益相抵规则等，对其理论基础、适用条件、实践中应注意的问题作了说明。第四章，违约损害赔偿额之算定。本章主要是运用违约损害赔偿的基本理论和规则，来探讨实践中计算和确定损害赔偿额的问题。研究了约定损害赔偿的适用、效力等；法定损害赔偿下的赔偿额之计算方法、计算中的价格、时间、地点等内容，最后就几种具体违约的损害赔偿额之算定作了阐述。第五章，违约精神损害赔偿研究。本章首先从比较法上考察该制度的发展情况，接着研究我国对该制度的立法、理论研究和司法实践现状，进而分析提出完全赔偿原则是该制度的理论基础，然后探索该制度的架构，并建议在我国确立违约精神损害赔偿制度。第六章，我国违约损害赔偿制度之完善。该部分系笔者对我国违约损害赔偿制度的完善作出的探索，拟订了需要设置或者改进的相关条文，供立法者参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Compensation for damage is regarded as an important legal responsibility that parties bear whether in tort or in contract law, whether in China or in other countries, even in international organizations. In contemporary contract law, damages for breach of contract are considered as its key system. The theory of damages for breach is studied by many jurists as a very important task. In contract law practice, compensation, as one of the kinds of liability for breach, is applied more and more widely. In order to fit in with the needs of the society and economy development, only when its theory is studied more thoroughly and further explorations are made for it in judicial practice, will the legal systems of damages for breach be perfected continually. In China, we have made rapid progress at present in the legal systems of damages for breach, but much of its contents ought to be perfected urgently, to go with the real needs of legal practice and international developing tendency. To meet the needs of legal practice, Author of the thesis, in the view of comparative law, is trying to research and probe thoroughly and systematically into some of basic and important problems in the theory and systems of damages for breach. Besides foreword and conclusion, the whole thesis contains six chapters, but problems of damages for breach of specific contracts are not made research in the thesis. Each chapter is abstracted as follows:Chapter One——Outline of Damages for Breach of Contract.This chapter makes a research on basic theory, including the concept, characteristics, compare with tortuous damages, doctrines of liability fixation, conditions of application and different applications between compensation and other remedial measures, etc.. The part also discusses Theory of Efficient Breach and the system of substitutive liability in China, and Author suggests that the system should be perfected by absorbing the spirits of Theory of Efficient Breach.Chapter Two——Extent of Compensation for Breach ofContract: Principle of Full Compensation. In this chapter, Author considers damages to be made up of positive loss and prospective loss, on the supreme principle of compensation: principle of full compensation. This chapter also elaborates problems about Expectation Interest and Reliance Interest, makes a research on the specific extent of compensation for fundamental and anticipatory breach, and punitive damages for breach of contract, as an exception to principle of full compensation, in the last part of this chapter.Chapter Three——Restrictive Rules of Compensation forBreach of Contract. This part sets forth the rules of prospective damages, mitigation of damages, contributory negligence, balance of gains and losses. This part explains their basic theory, conditions of application and matters needing attention in practice.Chapter Four——Measure of Damages for Breach of Contract.This chapter studies on applying the basic theory and rules to calculate and determine the damages for breach of contract. This part contains application and validity of liquidated damages, calculating methods, prices, time and places of lawful damages and also explains measure of damages for some specific breaches.Chapter Five——Researches on Mental Compensation forDamage for Breach of Contract. First, this chapter, in the view of comparative law, makes a research on development of the system; second, makes demonstration of the present situation of legislation, studies of theory and judicial practice; then, Author analyses and puts forward the basic theory of the system; finally, author supposes the framework of the system of mental compensation for damage for breach of contract and proposes that we should draw up the system.Chapter Six——Perfecting China’s System of Damages forBreach of Contract. Author tries his best to perfect the system and drafts relevant articles to legislative organization for reference.更多还原