【作者】 王珂；

【导师】 唐磊；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 秘密侦查在我国刑事诉讼法中并没有明确的规定，但在侦查实践中却是打击一些重大刑事犯罪的重要侦查措施。由于它强制性和易侵权性的特点，亟待将其纳入法治化的轨道。法治一词包括两层含义，一是作为原则的法治，二是作为状态的法治。秘密侦查法治化也不例外，必须要遵循符合法治的原则，通过制度的构建来实现。在秘密侦查法治化的构建过程中，权力与权利的配置始终是一个核心的问题，人权保障的需要构成秘密侦查法治化的动力。但人权并不是一种观念上的信仰，天赋人权理论也不能成为质疑秘密侦查正当性的有效武器，而需要一种普遍的成熟的人权理论——预付人权——来提高秘密侦查正当性的门槛。秘密侦查法治化的主要目的就是规制过于强大的秘密侦查权，但如何对其进行规制，必须要明确两个问题：第一是规制的对象性质，即行政权；第二是规制的具体对象，即秘密侦查程序中的裁量。因此，对秘密侦查权的规制也就是主要通过立法权和司法权来对秘密侦查程序中所进行的自由裁量进行符合法治原则的规制。由于秘密侦查程序是一种权力运行的程序，秘密侦查立法的内容也就要以权力运行的视角进行考察，具体分析和选择合适的立法规制模式和立法模式。对秘密侦查的司法规制主要通过司法审查来实现，在我国的现行体制下，人民检察院和人民法院都享有一定的司法权，对秘密侦查的司法规制可以由这两个机关进行。由于司法具有被动性的特点，要对秘密侦查进行有效的规制必须建立一种相关的配套制度——程序性辩护，赋予犯罪嫌疑人、被告人以程序性辩护的权利。作为一种民主化、法治化的程序，必须具有一定的公开性。秘密侦查，从行为的实施相对于当事人来说是秘密的，但作为一种法治化的程序来说，其也必须具有公开性。当然，出于打击犯罪的功利性的考虑，公开的对象与内容随着秘密侦查程序的进行而呈现出扩大的趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although there is no specific definition for secret investigation in the Criminal Procedural Law of our country, it is an important measure to against some serious criminal offences in the investigation practices. Due to its characters of enforceability and offend human rights easily, there is an emergency to legalizing the secret investigation. There are two layers of meaning for "Legalization", one is the "legalization" as a principle, the other is the "legalization" as a status. There should be no exception in legalizing the secret investigation. The goal should be achieved by constructing the system according to the principle of law.The core problem in legalizing the secret investigation is the distribution of power and right, the need to guarantee the human rights constitutes the motivity of secret investigation. However, human rights is not a kind of belief in people’s concept, and the Nature Human Rights theory cannot be an effective weapon to doubt the secret investigation. We need an universal and mature human rights theory—"Credit" Human rights--to regulate the secret investigation.The main purpose of legalizing secret investigation is to regulate the procedure, and we should spicify two concepts when doing this: First is the character of the limitation object, that is the executive authority; the other is the detailed object of regulation, that is the discretion of secret investigation. Therefore, the regulation of secret investigation is to regulate the free discretion within the procedure of secret investigation by legislative and judicial authority according to the law. As the procedure of secret investigation is a procedure motivated by power, the contents of secret investigation should be judged from the function of power, and analysis and choose the suitable regulation and legislation pattern accordingly. The judicature regulation of secret investigation is always achieved through judicature investigation. In the current legal system of our country, the people’s prosecution services and the courts of people’s republic of China has certain judicial authority, thus the judicial regulation of secret investigation could be implemented by these two organizations. In addition, due to the passivity characteristic of judicature, there should be one set of assorted system to regulate secret investigation effectively---that is the procedural defense, to vest the criminal suspects and defendants with the rights of procedure defense.As a democracy and legalization procedure, there should be some openness. The implementation of secret investigation is secret for both parties, however, as a legalization procedure, it should be with openness character. Of course, considering the utility of striking crime, the published objects and contents could present to be expansion along with the development of secret investigation procedure.更多还原