【作者】 徐东；

【导师】 里赞；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 法学理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 2005年发生的单志东诉上海热线案，成为中国网络话语权第一案，把“网络话语权”这个新生概念引入了我们的视野。法国法学家米歇尔·福柯在《话语的秩序》当中最早提出了“话语即权力”的观点，从此话语权开始成为法学界研究的热点问题。本文从话语的概念出发，重点介绍了福柯的话语理论，分析了话语权理论中话语与权力的关系。并且由话语权理论引出了网络话语权的概念。我们可以把网络话语权简单理解为以网络为平台，对现实生活产生强制的话语权。随着当下网络的高速发展，网络话语权的问题也越来越突出，而关于网络话语权现实案件的出现，使得网络话语权成为摆在我们法律学人面前的现实问题。网络话语权作为一种现实存在，其影响力不仅存在于虚拟的网络空间，还与现实生活息息相关。网络话语权的存在，与互联网密不可分。互联网的平等性、匿名性、交互性、信息超载性都影响了网络话语权的存在与实现。虽然网络实现了话语中心的分散化，使人们处于言论相对自由的状态，但需要注意的是，网络话语权不同于网络言论权。网络话语权的意义就在于通过网络平台，介入现实，实现了话语的权力化，而不仅仅是发表自由的话语。但是网络话语权的实现无疑与网络上的言论自由状态息息相关。可以说，网络为实现言论自由打开了方便之门，而网络上的言论自由为网络话语权的实现提供了可能。人类自进入文明时代以来就一真关注着“自由”这一概念，而言论自由则成为人类自由的直接体现。网络是言论自由的一个新领域，言论的涵义也早就突破了传统的界限向虚拟空间延伸。网络这个虚拟的开放式空间给了言论以新的特征和表达方式。但是网络言论的缺陷也引发了网络言论自由与公民权利、国家权力的冲突与矛盾。网络言论自由形成的网络舆论不等于民意，网络话语权的释放为网络舆论有其自身的弊端。网络话语权有着自身的特点，它能够实现传播学上所提出的直接表达、传受交融、主题核心和拟题众议，从而引发广泛的社会关注。网络话语权有着自己独特的结构形式，有相应的主体、客体和载体。在实现网络话语权的过程之中，由于网络传播的特性，也出现了网络话语权失范问题。本文从失范的概念出发，分析了网络话语权失范的表现和原因，引出了对网络话语权规制的问题。从规制的概念我们可以得知，对事物的规制是多层次的而非单一的。网络话语权由于其自发性，确实存在种种问题，亟需规范。但片面强调对网络话语权的制度规范，会引发公权力的膨胀，进而威胁到网络的民主与自由。要实现网络话语权的合理规制，必须实现“法治”、“德治”、技术治理三者的结合。本文的意义并不在于提出解决网络话语权问题的具体制度和方法，而是在面对网络话语权这样一个新生的事物时，从理论的角度提出自己的一些担忧和思索。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 2005 it occurs that Shan Zhidong sues the Shanghai hot-online, this document becomes the first document of the right of discourse in network, this newborn concept has introduced "the right of discourse in network" to our field of vision. The French jurist Michel Foucault most early proposed the viewpoint "the discourses are the power" in "the order of Discourse", from this time on the right of discourse starts to become the hot topic of the legal science research. This article embarks from the concept of the right of discourse, and introduces the theory of Michel Foucault, then analyze the relation of the "discourse" and the "power" in the theory of the right of discourse. And then introduces the concept of the right of discourse in network by the discourse theory. We can simple understand the right of discourse in network for the right of discourse which takes the network as the platform, and forces to the real life.Along with the high speed development of the network, the question of the right of discourse also become more and more prominent, and cases of the right of discourse in network appearance, the right of discourse in network becomes realistic question in front of our Jurisprudence person. As a realistic existence, the right of discourse in network influences not only exists to the hypothesized cyber-space, but also is closely linked with the real life. First the existence of the right of discourse in network is inseparable with the Internet. Internet is equal, anonymous, interactive, and the information overload in it, all of this affects existence and the realization of the right of discourse in network. Although the network has realized the dispersing of the center of the discourse, and make the people to be free of speech, but we also needs to pay attention to that the right of discourse in network is different with the freedom of speech in network. The significance of the right of discourse in network is not only the publication of free speech, but also involving the reality through the network platform, then realizing the discourse to be a kind of power. But the realization of right of discourse in network is closely linked with the freedom of speech in network with no doubt. It can be said that, the network open gate of the convenience for realizing the freedom of speech, and the freedom of speech in network has provided the possibility for the right of discourse in network. The humanity has been to pay attention to the concept "free" since we entered the civilized time, and the freedom of speech becomes directly manifests of the freedom of the humanity. The network is a new field of the freedom of speech, The concept of speech have already broken through the traditional boundary and extends to the hypothesized space. The network which is a hypothesized open style space has given the new characteristic and the expression of speech. But the fault of speech in network has also initiated the freedom of speech the network against with the rights of citizens and the power of states. Public opinion in network which is formed by the freedom of speech in network is not equal to the public opinion, the right of discourse in network release for public opinion in the network has its own malpractice. The right of discourse in network has own characteristic, it can realize the direct expression, the blending of disseminators and audiences, the core of subject and discussion of populace in one topic which introduced by Communication and causes widespread social attention. The right of discourse in network has the unique structural style itself, and has the corresponding subject, the object and the carrier. In the procession of realizing the right of discourse in network, it appears that the right of discourse in network loses the standard as a result of network dissemination characteristic. This article bases from the concept of losing the standard and analyzes the performance and the reason of the losing the standard of the right of discourse in network, and has drawn out to regime the right of discourse in network. We may know from the concept of "regime" that, to regime the things is not having one subject but having multi-level. The right of discourse in network has all sorts of problems as a result of its spontaneity, urgently needs the standard. But if we just emphasis the standard of country system, can initiate the inflation of the power of the states, then threatens the democracy and the freedom in network. We must realize "Rule by Law", "Rule by Morals", "Rule by Technology" if we want to regime the right of discourse in network reasonable.This article certainly does not lie in proposing the concrete systems and methods to solve the question of the right of discourse in network, but to propose my own worries and thinking when faces this kind of newborn things like the right of discourse in network.更多还原