【作者】 兰浩；

【导师】 张国忠；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 油气储运工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以渤西原油恒流量启动实验为基础,总结分析了较大静态温降幅度和较长停输时间条件下的管道启动特性,并对管道启动时的压力传递过程进行了分析研究。研究发现:1、在停输时间相同的情况下,启动屈服应力随静态温降幅度的增大而增大,并当静态温降幅度增至某一值时取得最大值,随后,启动屈服应力随静态温降幅度的增大而减小。2、对于启动温度大于等于30℃的工况,停输6小时后管内凝油的结构强度达到最大值,停输时间继续延长,管道启动应力基本不变,甚至有下降的趋势。3、实验所测压力波速远小于声波在水中的传播速度,而且压力从管道首端传递到末端过程中,压力波速并非定值,它随着时间的延长而递减。4、启动过程中,沿管长方向各点压力达到最大值的时间依次滞后,管道末端压力达到最大值时标志着管道全线启动。5、本文引入了启动波的概念。启动波的传播滞后于压力波的传播,它是流动凝油与静止凝油的分界,只有当启动波传播到管道末端时,整条管道才全线启动。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper is based on the startup experiment of Boxi offshore oil with constant flux. The startup properties of Boxi offshore oil are found and analyzed in the condition of large static temperature drop and long cooling period,and the pressure transmission is studied as well.The study finds that:1. With the same shutdown time, the startup yield stress increases as the static temperature drop gets larger until it reaches the peak at a certain static temperature drop, and then it will decreases as the static temperature drop increases.2. When the startup temperature is above 30℃( including 30℃),six-hour shutdown time is sufficient for the recovery of the structural strength of Boxi oil to get a max startup yield stress. Six hours later, the startup stress won’t increase anymore, and even decreases a little sometimes.3. The testing speed of pressure wave in gelled crude oil is much less than that of sound wave in water. Besides, the speed of pressure wave in this paper is not a fixed value and decreases during the transmission from the head of pipeline to the end.4. During the course of startup, the pressure of each point along the pipeline gets its max pressure one after another axially, and when the terminal of pipeline gets its max pressure, the total pipeline will startup successfully.5. A new concept of startup wave is presented. As the interface between the moving and unmoving gelled oil, the speed of startup wave is quite lower than that of pressure wave. A successful startup will be obtained when the startup wave has delivered to the end of the pipe.更多还原