【作者】 姜飞；

【导师】 田学民；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着原油油质变重变劣和轻质油品需求量上升,延迟焦化工艺凭借自身优势,在渣油加工中发挥着巨大的作用。本文以中石化北京燕山石化公司140万吨/年延迟焦化装置DCS仿真培训系统项目为背景,分别对延迟焦化装置全流程建模和仿真系统的开发进行了研究,具体内容分为以下几个方面:本文依据延迟焦化装置的反应原理,对现有建模方法进行改进,关联加热炉出口温度、反应压力、循环比和原料性质四个主要工艺影响因素求取反应动力学参数k,开发了延迟焦化六集总反应动力学模型。在相关假设的基础上,建立了延迟焦化装置反应部分的动态模型,并对模型进行了动态特性的仿真研究,仿真结果与工艺分析结果相一致。还针对燕化延迟焦化装置分馏塔中存在的集油器结构的特点,对分馏塔的基本塔段模型进行改进得到了含集油器结构的塔段模型。根据仿真培训系统的需要和延迟焦化装置开工过程的工艺特点,建立了装置的全工况模型,该模型能够较准确的描述开工过程中参数大范围变化的动态特性。在仿真培训系统中实现了装置典型事故现象和联锁保护系统的模拟,并开发了评分系统对操作成绩进行评定。本文开发的延迟焦化装置仿真系统实现了培训内容选择、成绩评定、事故设置等功能,已交付燕化公司炼油厂用于对装置操作人员进行岗前培训,为装置能够一次开工成功提供了有力的保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 With crude oil quality being worse and the demand of the light fuel oil increasing rapidly, delayed coking unit plays an important role in the oil refining industry. On the background of the simulation training project of the 140×10 4t y delayed coking unit of Beijing Yanshan Refinery, the study on modeling of the unit and simulation training system is performed. The main work of the dissertation can be summarized as follows:According to reaction mechanism, a novel six-lumping kinetic model of delayed coking is proposed, whose reaction kinetic parameter k integrates furnace outlet temperature, reaction pressure, recycle ratio, residua character four main process factors. Then the dynamic model of delayed coking reaction in the coke drum is developed based on the proposed kinetic model and some hypothesis. Simulation studies are performed and the influences are analyzed. The simulation results show good agreement with the industrial process mechanism. In order to describe the oil trap structure of the main fractionating tower, the basic tray model is improved by embedding oil trap model.Considering the needs of the training simulation system and the characteristics of startup procedure of delayed coking unit, a dynamic model for simulation training purposes is developed, which can be applied to describe both the routine operation and the startup process of the unit. The simulation results are consistent with the mechanism of the startup procedure. In the training simulation system, typical unit accidents and the ESD/SIS actions are also simulated. The operations evaluation system is developed to judge operators’performance. The simulation training system has been put into use in Beijing Yanshan Refinery, and it will help guarantee the success of startup of the unit.更多还原