【作者】 徐兴科；

【导师】 刘猛； 孔令先；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 机械工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 风机是锅炉的主要辅助设备之一,按照介质在风机内的流动方向可分为离心式风机、轴流式风机和混流式风机。离心式风机是电厂中应用最多的风机,工作时叶轮里充满着流体,当叶轮转动时,流体也随着转动,因此流体就产生了离心力,由于离心力的作用,流体向出口流动,于是入口就形成了真空,在大气压力和入口压力的作用下,流体源源不断的流向叶轮入口,在由叶轮入口靠离心力作用流向出口,实现风机连续不断的输送介质的工作。电厂除了三大风机之外,还有各种功能的风机,它们运行中岀现的各种问题,造成机组降低负荷,甚至被迫停机的现象时有发生,直接影响电厂的安全生产。风机运行中与其状态有关的特征有振动、温度、噪声、润滑油中的磨粒和形态、扭矩、扭振等,每个量都从各自不同的角度反映运行的状态,但由于现场条件和测试手段所限,有些特征的提取和分析不易实现,有些特征反映的情况不敏感。相对而言,风机的振动信号中含有设备运行工况的丰富信息,这些信息在振动的相位和谱图中有所体现,从而可以推断出振动的原因和故障类型。本文结合多年的实践经验,对风机的不平衡、不对中、机械松动和轴承等常见故障的振动机理、振动特征及应对措施进行了分析和讨论,并例举了作者亲自监测、诊断与处理的风机故障实例,对降低风机故障、提高风机效率,实现电厂安全、稳定、经济运行发挥了重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The blower fan is the main facility of boiler, It can be sorted to centrifugal fan, axial flow fan and mixed flow fan according to the flow direction of medium in the fan. The centrifugal fan is the most one applying in power plant. The impeller was filled with medium during the fan works, the medium will rotate with the speller, thus, centrifugal force was produced. The medium will flow to outlet in the acting of centrifugal force, then the vacuum appears in the inlet. Under the action of atmospheric pressure and vacuum, the medium will flow to inlet of speller continuous, then to outlet with the centrifugal force.Besides three main blower fan, there are many other function fan in the power plant. The power unit will lower the charge if something was wrong with the fans, or even stopping unit will be occurred. The safety in production of power plant was affected. The features of fan relating with it’s working behavior are vibration, temperature, noise, type of particle in the lubrication oil and torque etc, every parameter could reflect the working station from vary point of view, however, the field condition and testing method limited to pick-up and analysis the features. The vibration signal is the best one relatively which include rich information about the fan working condition, the reason of vibration and failure type could be concluded from the vibration phase and spectral graph.The vibration mechanism, vibration character and solving method of fan’s failure, such as non-balance, mal-alignment and bearing loose etc., have been analyzed and discussed in this paper. Some failure examples which tested, diagnosed and deal with by the writer himself was listed, it is showed that vibration analysis has played important role in lowing the fan failure, rising the efficiency and safety production of the power plant.更多还原