【作者】 付晓燕；

【导师】 袁熙志；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 有色金属冶金， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文介绍了电极把持器的作用功能，并从电极把持器发展的历程出发，结合工程实际对现有的把持器形式进行客观的分析评价，指出了传统的大螺钉式、径向顶紧的压力环式、锥形环式及近年来从国外引进了波纹管式、胶囊式及组合式把持器等类型的优缺点。在其中，目前国内应用最为广泛的是锥形环式把持器，这种夹紧、压放电极的锥形环技术对电极的夹紧、压放工作质量不稳定、连续运行可靠性能较差，从而导致检修频率高，严重影响了电炉的正常生产，热停炉多，甚至引发电极、电器等事故。为此设计一种在技术上先进可靠，经济上利于推广的把持器显得极有必要，论文提出的新型压力环电极把持器是作为锥形环把持器的替代品，以解决生产中出现的诸多问题的。设计的新型压力环把持器是以液压油缸和大螺栓顶头代替波纹管，夹紧方式上采用一对一的径向顶紧导电铜瓦，目的是使接触力均匀，在压力环油缸尾部端盖法兰采用耐高温的密封设计，达到了优良的密封效果，水冷套改为固定大套与活动小套结合，密封、导向作用优良。通过适当改进冷却水循环路线，减少拐弯和死区，主要部件和高温部件单独供水冷却；采用软水冷却、减少焊缝数量、提高焊接工艺水平等技术措施，使新型把持器在工程应用中效果更加优良。在结构设计的基础上，对把持器三个水冷部件的传热进行了系统的计算和分析。通过传热分析得知把持器中的传热可分为烟气、空气与冷却水传热两个部分：烟气侧的传热可分为三个部分，即烟气与壁体的对流和辐射换热，壁体的热传导，壁体与冷却水的对流换热；空气侧的传热也可分为三个部分。利用MATLAB(Matrix Laboratory)计算机语言编写了传热计算程序并运行成功。计算结果表明：把持器内的冷却水温度和壁面温度随高度升高而降低，烟气侧壁面温度高于空气侧壁面温度；水垢热阻的增大会削弱冷却水传热；提高冷却水流速可以在一定程度上降低器壁最高温度，本体较厚的水冷器壁尽管能降低一定量的热量损失，但降低了冷却水的换热效率；烟气温度是影响传热的重要因素。同时得到了冷却水的出口温度和本体壁面厚度及壁温。用传热计算的结果指导把持器的设计，并以此作为选择设计参数的依据。同时对把持器的水冷部件中冷却水流动阻力损失进行了计算，为水泵的选择提供了理论依据。本文利用AutoCAD绘制了7500kV·A矿热炉矮烟罩系统的设备施工图，并可直接供其它类似工程施工借用。该把持器已在多项工程中得到应用，取得了良好的应用效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Submerged-arc furnace is a kind of primary equipment for ferroalloy smelting, and the electrode holder system is used for transferring powerful electric current to the electrode, clamping the contact shoe to the electrode, controlling the sintering of electrode. Through the electrode holder’s developing course and the practice on the engineering, the types of electrode holder are analyzed. And it points out the advantages and disadvantages of these types.At present, the conical ring electrode holder is the mostly used in China, but this kind of structure is relatively old, it is precarious on clamping and pressing electrode, which results in the longtime and high-frequency repairing. It affected production badly, so much as bringing on accidents of electrode, and so on.According to the practical experience and the situation of China , a design that a new pressure ring holder was put forward , which is a substitute for the conical ring electrode holder. The method of design can be described as below: substituting fluid oil urn and bolt for the bellows, perfect clamping structure for the contact shoes, which make the contact force symmetrical, taking the high temperature -resistant pressurize at the tail end of the oil urn, which reach the good effect, adopting the design of settled big cover and active cover, which make good pressurize and guiding effect. A lot of measures were put forward to solve these problems, which are mentioned above, for instance, ameliorating the channels of cooling water and using soft water, reducing the quantities of welding line, improving the jointing process, and so on. These measures have made definite effect.A calculation had been used for the heat transfer of electrode holder, which rectified the mistake that existed in the conventional designs of electrode holder, and lessen the investment of cooling equipment. In virtue of the heat transfer calculating of the electrode holder, the configuration designing and parameters choosing of the electrode holder are researched. The factors which affect the heat transfer of the electrode holder are listed as follows: velocity of the cooling water, thickness of the water cooling wall, water scale thickness, and temperature of the flue gas. It fully considers the boundary conditions for electrode holder and analyzes the variation tendency of heat transfer in the different parameters. All these provide a basis for the design and apply of the electrode holder. The computational programs had been written and run by MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory).The results of heat transfer indicate the following. The temperature of cooling water and wall will drop along with the rise of the altitude, and the wall’s temperature of smoke gas side is higher than that of air side. the increase of water’s capacity will be propitious to debasing the wall’s temperature at a certain extent. The thicker wall will not propitious to cooling water’s heat transferring. The temperature of smoke gas is the important factor of the heat transferring. At the same time, the temperature of the exit water and wall are found out. At the some time, resistance losing of the water passage in the holder is calculated, and it will provide theory gist for water pump’s choosing.The drawings of electrode holder of 7500kVA submerged-arc furnace had been finished by using AutoCAD. The drawings can be used to project construction directly. The design for the electrode holder at submerged-arc furnace has been applied in many corporations and factories. It has made great benefit to the corporations and factories.更多还原