浅谈物权变动中第三人保护

【作者】 赵晓光；

【导师】 鄢一美；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主题是物权变动中特定第三人的保护,文章意在通过对现有物权变动中第三人保护制度进行比较分析,对我国特权变动过程中的第三人保护之法律制度的建立提出设想。当前,学界对物权变动中第三人保护的必要性和紧迫性已基本达成共识,从维护交易安全的角度出发,构建适当的法律制度以实现对第三人的保护是我国物权法律制度中比较重要的一个问题。本文分为四个部分:第一部分:对本文标题术语进行界定。第一,本文以市场交易活动中的物权变动这样一个动态过程为视角。探讨第三人保护的问题;第二,本文对物权变动中的“特定第三人”进行界定。从现有研究现状来看,学术界在相关研究中较少涉及“物权变动中第三人”的界定问题,仅有少数学者对“物权变动中所涉及的第三人”进行了简单的定义,笔者认为这个问题值得关注并应加以进一步研究。第三人是一个广泛概念,更是一个相对概念,市场主体在不同情况下可能扮演物权变动关系当事人或是第三人的角色。笔者希望通过简单模式,限定所要论述的物权变动中的特定第三人,并以此为基础来说明实践中的有关问题。本文要论及的物权变动中的特定第三人是相对于原物权人而言的第三人。第二部分:从理论层面和实践角度论证物权变动中特定第三人保护的价值定位。保护第三人就是保护社会整体交易秩序,保护市场交易的安全。交易安全是物权变动中特定第三人保护的价值定位。第三部分:对现有物权变动中特定第三人保护制度的分析。如何实现物权变动中第三人的保护,目前理论界看法不一,主要观点有:l、以善意取得制度代替物权行为无因性理论;2、以公示公信原则代替物权行为理论;3、以物权行为无因性原则为主导,善意取得制度为补充。该部分涉及了传统物权理论最重要的几个问题,包括传统动产善意取得制度、物权公示公信原则和物权行为无因性理论。这其中每一个问题都能触及传统理论的神经,并留下了值得探讨的空间,笔者仅希望能从保护物权变动中特定第三人利益这个小角度出发,对这几项制度的优劣进行一定的探讨。第四部:对物权变动中特定第三人保护制度的重造提出了若干设想。物权变动中第三人保护的问题归根到底取决于一定的价值判断和选择。就我国的具体情况而言,只需要在原有传统物权法理论背景下构建一个完整制度就能解决这个问题。通过上文的比较分析,笔者认为,以传统的善意取得为基础,吸纳物权公示公信原则、无因性原则及其他制度的优点,借鉴国外相关立法经验,在我国物权立法中设立经过修正后的善意取得制度是正确之选择,具体说,我国物权立法中善意取得制度的适用条件可做如下调整:首先,关于标的物。标的物不应限于动产,不动产也可适用之;担保物权可适用善意取得;赃物、遗失物也能有条件地适用善意取得;其次,对第三人“善意”的判断,可采用善意认定的客观化标准:最后,第三人须因交易从前手让与人(或无权处分人)处继受取得物权,交易一般需为有偿,但基于公共利益时可例外。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article is aid to analyse the third party protection principle in the real right alternation and brings out a preview oll the construction of the third party protection principle. How to ensure the security of real right alternation and protect the interests ofThe third party, the key point is to construct a proper principle of civil law. This article will give an introduction through four parts.The first part Is the proper definition of the”the third party”. Firstly, this article discusses the interests protection of the party from the angle of the process of the real right alternation. Secondly, this article is to discuss who will be”the third party”.Though deferent market participants would act the”both parties”and the third party during deal process, the writer aims to distinguish the third party with a simple way.The second part is to discuss the meaning to protect the interests of he third party from both the angles of theories and practice. In fact, protecting the interests of the third party aims to ensure the security of the deal.The third part is to take which rules to protect a special‘thirdparty’in owned real right altemation. In the issue of the choosing of proper rules, we get deferent opinions. The main points as below:1. take the bona fide acquisition theory instead of the theory of juristic act of real right; 2. Take the demonstrative principle of real right instead of the Theory of juristicact of the real right; 3. Takc the principle of real right asthemainmlc and the bona fide acquisition theory as a compensation. This part contains the most important problems in the traditional theory of real rights. Of course, the write is not capable to make all these problems clear, I just hope to find a break in these complicate problems, that is thc protection of the third party’s interests in real right altemation, from this angie We can make a conclusion of above mentinncd legal role.Thelast part is to makc a suggestion on the construction of the third party proteotin principles. How to protect the third Party’s interests in real right alternation depends on what we valus and which principle we choose. According to the realty of our nation and the status of the nation’s legal svstem. We can settle this problem just by completing the principles on the base of the traditional theory of the real rights law. In the writer’s opinion, the proper way is to take the advantage of bona fide acquisition theory and the demonstrative principle of real right, principle of resl right and other law rules, combine them with the experience and trend of the legislation abroad then develop the bona fide acquisition rules into a more suitabke one to our nation’s realty. In detail, we need toadjust some rules:First, the objects should not only be the real property but also the chattel; Second, we should not only be the real property but also the chattel; Second, we should use anew objective standard to definite whether bona fide or not; Third, the thirdparty must get the real rights not for free from the previous party who gets no rights in dealing the property, but the acquisition of some public interests is a exception.更多还原