【作者】 张瑞麟；

【导师】 刘果厚；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 黄柳是浑善达克沙地的一种重要的乡土固沙先锋植物。本文应用春秋两季所采黄柳苗条,采用不同的插条长度、栽植密度、设置规格和设置季节,在浑善达克沙地沙丘不同部位,对黄柳活沙障的设置技术及防风固沙作用进行了研究。结果表明:(1)地形比较平缓且风蚀作用较小的流沙上,用50cm长的插条,10根/米的栽植密度即可达到较高的成活率和较好的生长状况;而在风蚀现象严重的风蚀坑,应选用65cm长的插条、每米栽植10～13根的栽植密度。(2)春季设置黄柳活沙障的成活率显著高于秋季,春季用冬贮条的成活率显著高于现采条的;春季利用冬贮条设置活沙障的生长状况明显好于春季和秋季用现采条设置的。(3)沙丘不同部位黄柳活沙障生长的变化规律是:背风坡>坡顶>迎风坡上部>迎风坡下部。(4)设置黄柳活沙障三年后,下垫面粗糙度显著增大,风速明显减弱,其顺序为:4m×4m网格沙障>6m×6m网格沙障>间距4m带状沙障>间距6m带状沙障>裸露流沙。当旷野平均风速为7.86m/s时,只有流沙和间距6m带状活沙障内起沙,其它几类活沙障内都不起沙。(5)设置黄柳活沙障六年后,流动沙地固定,障内植被得以较好的恢复,植物种类明显增多,多年生草本和灌木、植物科属数量都明显增加。障内地表0～5cm深土层的颗粒组成相对于流沙发生了一定的变化,粗沙(1～0.25mm)含量有所降低,细沙(0.25～0.05 mm)含量上升,粉粒(0.05～0.005mm)和粘粒(<0.005mm)的含量虽然有所升高,但变化不大。几类沙障内表层土壤有机质含量相对于流沙都有所提高,但提高量比较小,顺序是:4m×4m网格沙障>间距4m的带状沙障>6m×6m网格沙障>间距6m的带状沙障>流沙。更多还原

【Abstract】 Salix gordejevii is a useful dune-fixing plant in Hunshandake sandland. Applying the branches of Salix gordejevii cut in spring and autumn period, using the different cutting length, density, barrier size and setting season, in different part of a dune of Hunshandake sandland, setting technology and effects of wind-breaking and sand-fixation of living Salix gordejevii barrier were studied. The results were as follows:(1)In moving sand with low relief area and smaller wind erodibility, higher survival rate and better growth can be achieved with 50cm long cuttings and density of 10 every meter; and in blowout with serious wind erodibility, 50cm long cuttings and density of 10 every meter should be used.(2)The survival rate of living Salix gordejevii barrier setting in spring was higher than that setting in autumn, the survival rate of cuttings which cut in autumn and storaged in winter is higher remarkably than that cut in spring; growth of sand-barrier set in spring with cuttings that cut in autumn and storaged in winter is obvious to be good to the barrier setting in autumn and spring with cuttings that time.(3)The sequence of growth of the sand-barrier in different part of dune:Leeward slopes > Top of dune > Upside of windward flank > Underside of windward flank.(4)After the Salix gordejevii being planted three years, the ground roughness increased and wind-speed slowed down obviously in the area with sand-barrier. The sequence of the barrier sizes corresponding to the sand fixation effects was: 4m×4m > 6m×6m > 4m > 6m > moving sand. When the wind-speed in field was 7.86m·s-1, the sand moving were only occurred in moving sands and 6m Salix gordejevii sand-barrier area, and had not been observed in other types of sand-barrier areas.(5)After the Salix gordejevii being planted six years, the sandland was fixed. The species of the vegetation increased obviously in the area with sand-barrier, perennial herb and shrub, amount of families and genera of vegetation increased obviously. In the area with sand-barrier, particle size distribution of the top 0～5cm soil had changed, content of coarse sand(1～0.25mm)decreased, content of fine sand(0.25～0.05 mm)increased, content of clay(<0.005mm)and silt(0.05～0.005mm)contents increased, but not great. Organic matter contents in the top 0～5cm soil in the area with sand-barriers were increased, the sequence was: 4m×4m > 4m >6m×6m > 6m > moving sand.更多还原