【作者】 黄修梅；

【导师】 郝丽珍；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以沙芥种(Pugionium cornutum(L.) Gaertn.)为试材,采取野外调查与室内试验相结合的方法,于2004-2006年对自然生境区毛乌素沙漠和校科技园区试验田的沙芥种群进行传粉生物学研究,并探讨有性生殖传粉过程对沙芥繁育的影响。其结果表明: 1)沙芥开花期在6月25-7月30日,群体花期约35d,单花花期为3-4d,单株花期约25 d;在毛乌素沙漠自然生境区日开花高峰在18:00-20:00,在校科技园区试验田日开花高峰在15:00—18:00。2)沙芥花粉萌发的最佳培养基是20%蔗糖+0.001%硼酸;花粉最适发芽温度为25℃,萌发的温度范围为15-38℃;从大白花蕾期至开花后16h花粉活力最高,开花48 h后花粉基本无活力;花粉储藏的适宜条件为低温(4℃)。其柱头可授期为开花前48 h至开花后96h,其中开花后24-48 h可授性最强。3)从杂交指数、花粉-胚珠比和套袋、去雄及人工授粉试验的的测定结果表明沙芥应为异花授粉植物,具有明显的自交不亲和特性,不存在无融合生殖。4)沙芥传粉媒介中风的飘移能力非常微弱。沙芥的访花昆虫在毛乌素沙漠自然生境区有19种,分属于5个目、14个科。在校科技园区试验田人工种群访花昆虫有12种,分属于5个目、9个科。意大利蜜蜂、熊蜂、黑带食蚜蝇和拟蜂食蚜蝇是两个生境共有的主要传粉昆虫;在自然生境区熊蜂属类访花频率一天中有两次小高峰。5)沙芥小孢子细胞减数分裂过程中发生的胞质分裂为连续型,四分体为四面体型,小孢子四分体时,花蕾长度为1.5mm;单核靠边期,花蕾长度为3.5 mm;二核花粉粒。绒毡层为腺质,胚珠类型为厚珠心、弯生胚珠。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper focused on and evaluated the pollination characteristics of P. Cornutum in natural habitat and cultivated population. By field investigation and lab experiment, from 2004 to 2006, the main purposes of this study are to reveal the pollination characteristics of P. Cornutum, to find out the effect of pollination process on the propagation and development of P. Cornutum. Following are the results:1) P.cornutum is in blooming on June 25-July 30, a flower is blooming during 3-4d, an entire plant in about 25d,and the population in 25d.P.cornutum reaches its full boom in 18:00-20:00 in the desert,and 15:00-18:00 on the campus.2) Pollen germination characteristic of p.cornutum was evaluated by pollen culture media test ,its stigma receptivity was estimated by emasculation ,bagged, hand cross-pollination and benzidine-H2O2 method .The results as follows: the pollen of p.cornutum germinating percentage reached the highest on the media supplemented with 20% sucrose and 0.001% Boric acid; the most congenial temperature of pollen germination is 25℃,and effective temperature is 15℃-38℃;The pollen can reach highest peak from the biggest white flower bud to 16h after blooming; low temperature(4℃) is advantage to the storage of pollen. The stigma of p.cornutum had receptivity from 48h before blooming to 96h after blooming. 3) P.cornutum should be a kind of a kind of cross-pollinating and entomophilies plant without capability of selfing by the total value of OCI ,the value of P/0, and the experimentation of bagged so on. 4) Wind is very weak during pollinating for P.cornutum. Investigation showed that there are 19 species flower visiting insect in maowusu sand,which belong to 14 families and 5 orders. There are 12 species flower visiting insect on the campus, which belong to 9 families and 5 orders. Among them, Apis mellifera, Bombus sp.,Episyrphus balteatus and Pseudouolue ella mimica are the main mutual of the two group. Bombus sp.is the highest frequency of flower visiting insects in maowusu sand. Apis mellifera and Episyrphus balteatus are the highest frequency of flower visiting insect on the campus. 5) During the sexual reproduction, Tapetum was the secretory type. The cytokinesis of the microspore mother cell was of the successive type. The microspore tetrads were tetrahedron. The bud length is 1.5mm in the microspore tetrads. Each locule contained the two ovule. The mature ovules were curve and thick-nucellus.更多还原