【作者】 马福；

【导师】 宋慧；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 作物生物技术， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 猴头菌属真菌是珍贵的药食兼用菌。小刺猴头菌隶属猴头菌属，是吉林省长白山特有的菌物资源。在前人研究的基础上，本论文对小刺猴头菌子实体的化学成分做了进一步的探讨与研究。猴头菌营养丰富，含有多种维生素，氨基酸及微量元素，不但有极高的营养价值，而且还有很高的药用价值。迄今为止，国内外研究报道最多的是猴头菌多糖类物质，生物学与药理学研究表明，猴头菌多糖具有很好的提高免疫力、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血压等多种功效。对猴头菌的小分子化学成分研究报道较少且不深入。现代医学与药理学研究证明，甾醇类等小分子物质在降胆固醇、抗癌、抗氧化、抗炎、防治前列腺疾病等方面具有显著作用，而萜类物质作为神经因子促进剂可治疗老年痴呆症。因此深入开展对小刺猴头菌化学成分的研究，特别是对小分子物质的系统研究，很有现实意义。本论文采用有机溶剂提取，两相溶剂萃取，大孔吸附树脂层析，硅胶柱层析，结晶法等常规的植物化学方法和技术手段并结合先进的仪器设备，通过不同的提取分离路线，从小刺猴头菌中提取分离了5个单体化合物。通过物理常数，化学方法和波谱分析[核磁共振（NMR），质谱（MS）]等方法鉴定了其中2单体化合物，两个化合物都为麦角甾醇。其中化合物2为22-顺式-麦角甾-5，7，22-三烯-3-醇[Ergosta-5，7，22-trien-3-ol，（22Z）-]，化合物4为22-顺式-麦角甾-5，7，22-三烯-3-醇[Ergosta-5，7，22-trien-3-ol，（22Z）-]。这两个甾醇化合物为首次从小刺猴头菌中分离得到，并且都是新的天然化合物。它们的分离为小刺猴头菌的基础研究工作增加新的内容，提供新的依据。此外，本研究运用超临界CO₂萃取技术结合GC／MS计算机联用技术从解析釜Ⅰ和Ⅱ中共分离、鉴定了27个化合物，这些化合物分可分为三类：硬脂肪酸酯类、烷烃类和含氮类化合物。这些化合物不但丰富了对小刺猴头菌中的化学成分的研究结果，也为以后小刺猴头菌药理学实验研究打下基础。综合以上研究成果，本论文初步研究分析了小刺猴头菌的化学成分，为正确评价小刺猴头菌的药用价值提供了理论依据；为扩大小刺猴头菌的药用范围及菌物界麦角甾醇的数量增添了新内容；也为小刺猴头菌的新药开发奠定了一定的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fungi in genus Hericium are valuable edible and medical fungi. H. caput-medusae（Bull.:Fr.） Pers., belonging to the genus Herieium, is a special product of Changbai Mountain inJilin Province. Based on the research achievements of the other researchers, we made a furtherstudy and probe into the chemical compositions in the fruiting body of H. caput-medusae.The fungi in genus Hericium are nutritious, abundant in many kinds of vitamins, amino acidsand trace elements, they are of great value not only in nutrition aspect, but also in medical aspect.Up to new, the research reports on Hericium both in domestic and abroad have focused mainly onpolysaccharides components, which have been proved by biological and pharmacologicalresearches to have the effects on improving immunity, restraining cancer, reducing blood pressureand blood sugar, and so on, while researches on their small molecular components were relativelyless and not deepgoing. Modern medical and pharmacological researches showed that smallmolecular substances as sterols have remarkable effect on deducing cholesterol, restraining cancer,arresting oxidization, resisting inflammation, prophylaxis and treatment of the prostate diseases,while terpenes as nerve factor stimulator can remedy Senile Dementia. Thus it is of great realisticsignificance to carry out deepgoing researches on chemical compositions, especially smallmolecular substances, in H. caput-medusae.Normal phytochemistry methods and technology such as organic solvent extraction, twophases solvent extraction, amberlyst chromatography, silica gel column chromatography andcrystallization, combined with advanced instruments and apparatus, were applied in thisexperiment, and five monomer compounds were extracted and isolated through different routes.On the basis of physical constants, chemical evidence and spectrum analysis [NMR, MS], twomonomer compounds were identified, both of which were ergosterins: compound 2 wasErgosta-4-en-1,3,6-triol, （22Z）- and compound 4 was Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol, （22Z）-. Thesetwo sterol compounds were the first report to be extracted and isolated form H. caput-medusaeand they were both new natural compounds. There isolation added new contents to thefundamental research and provided new foundation for it.In addition, we used SEF-CO₂ extraction technology, combined with GC/MS technology inthis experiment, and isolated and identified 27 compounds from Liberation kettleⅠ和Ⅱ. These compounds can be divided into three categories: stearin acid esters, diolefines and nitrogenouscompounds. These compounds not only make the chemical composition research results in H.caput-medusae more abundant, but also do the groundwork for the pharmacological researches onH. caput-medusae in the future.In conclusion, we did some foundamental work in studying the chemical compositions in H.caput-medusae,. Our results provide theory basis for correctly evaluate the medical value of H.caput-medusa, add to new contents to the pharmaceutical range of H. caput-medusae as well asthe number of ergosterins in nature, and make the basis for new medicine exploitation from H.caput-medusae.更多还原