【作者】 李天适；

【导师】 张晓明；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 专家系统是一个计算机程序，利用知识和经验，通过推理来解决某领域中只有专家才能解决的难题。它在农业领域的应用为农业生产带来了巨大的利益。精准农业生产的要求为农业专家系统提供广阔的发展空间。我国农业专家系统已经做了相当多的有益尝试，并已经开始在一定范围内应用，但应该看到还存在一些理论化、不实用、应用范围窄等问题。本系统对蔬菜专家的实践经验和管理经验等用于解决实际问题的专门知识加以归纳、整理，再根据知识的不同特点选用不同的知识表示方式进行表示，存入数据库。重要的是，由于国内专家系统种类繁多、重复开发，所以本系统提出资源共享、共同开发、专家系统标准化等观点。同时，也为了系统将来还能够不断的被完善，所以编制完成的程序源代码全部开放，采集、整理的数据库完全共享。包括图片等资料，为了他人调用方便，图片单独存放在明显表示的子目录中，采取通用JPG和BMP格式。在论文的附表中，有主程序源代码和程序窗体组成及关键点源程序，详细列出所有窗体文件名、数据环境、数据库的init事件的程序，使有普通编程经验或者学习过数据库操作的用户可以根据自己的需要直接改编程序以及丰富完善数据库。本系统最大程度方便他人共享，是现今开放性最好的农业专家系统之一。经过收集、归类之后完全整理了3种蔬菜：黄瓜、茄子、番茄。对每种蔬菜详细讲述了栽培的整个过程，从黄瓜的特性、选种，到栽培方式以及病虫害防治等。包括“生物学特性”、“品种类型与主栽品种”、“栽培方式与栽培季节”“栽培技术”“病害防治”“虫害防治”6个部分。其中栽培技术和病害防治是该系统的主要内容。(1)栽培技术部分收集了大量数据，对露地、温室和大棚栽培蔬菜有很详细的指导作用。(2)病害防治部分是按照一定的知识表示方式描述的专家经验知识的集合。它是专家能够以自己熟悉的方式进行问题求解思维过程的描述。是事实驱动非过程性的问题求解过程的实现。它根据用户提出的问题和已知的事实，在知识数据库中搜索，非匹配模糊查找相关的知识，由此推断出原因，或者向用户提问获取推理需要的相关事实，而且给出解决方法，直到最终问题求解或条件不足无法求解为止。病害防治部分既是用户生产中最需要的部分，也是控制整个专家系统进行工作、求解问题的核心部分。本系统从解决生产实践中的难题出发，以实际应用为目的，对蔬菜栽培专家系统的各项技术进行了全面的讨论和应用，开发出了一套适合蔬菜栽培管理的研究方法和实用系统，也可以用于教学和科研，通过不断完善其数据库内容来适用于不同的地区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Expert system is a kind of computer program which uses knowledge and experience to analyze and resolveproblems in certain fields that are only resolvable to experts. The application of the expert system inagricultural production yields great profits. It provides dramatic developmental potential for this system bythe demand of precise and accurate agriculture.There are many meaningful explorations in the agricultural expert system in our country, and it has beenapplied to certain areas. However, there still exist many problems in theory, applicability and limitation.The system we studied analyzes and summarizes the experimental and management experiences of thespecific knowledge in resolving the practical issues from experts in green food and vegetable, and thenexpresses and stores the knowledge in the database according to the specificity.More importantly, our expert system first suggests the significance of the mutual sharing of the resourcesand co-development; this will overcome over-development and redundancy of expert systems in ourcountry. Meanwhile, the original coding system is completely open to facilitate the future improvement ofthis system; the database for data collection and management is completely open to share; the figures arespecially stored in clearly expressed sub-category in the commonly used format of JPG and MBP for theconvenience of other users. In the appendix of this thesis, it is listed the main program original cordingsystem, the components of program windows and the important original program; it is also listed that thedetail of the window file names, the program of the INIT issue for the environment of the database. Allthese make it possible for the common programmers or new users to apply and update this systemaccording to their own needs. We make great efforts to share our system and this makes it one of the bestsharing expert system in agriculture.We collect and summarize the information completely for three vegetables: cucumber, eggplant and tomato,and explain the detailed information of cultures for each of them from property, seed selection to culturingmethods and treatment of pests and diseases, etc. It includes the follow six sections: biological properties;types and major culturing types; culturing methods and culturing season; culturing techniques; theprevention and treatment of diseases; the prevention and treatment of pest. The sections of the culturingtechniques and the prevention and treatment of diseases are the major contents of this expert system.(1) Large amount of data is collected in the section of culturing techniques to guide vegetable culturesthrough green house and plastic covering house.(2) The section of prevention and treatment of diseases expresses the experiences of experts in aspecific structure of knowledge. It expresses the thinking procedure by the experts with their ownmethods; this makes it possible to understand how to resolve non-linear problems. The systemsearches the database according to the user requirement and known facts by non-matching,non-linear methods; and then provides the users with reasons; relevant facts or resolutions for theirquestions. The search ends until the ultimate resolutions are given or it is unavailable because ofinsufficient input.The section of prevention and treatment of diseases is not only the most demanding part for productionusers, but also the core in controlling and searching this expert system. This expert system starts to resolve the practical problems in production and aims to apply to practice. Itcompletely discuses and utilizes the techniques of vegetable culture expert system, and develops a researchmethod and practical system suitable to manage the vegetable culturing. It is also applicable to teaching andresearch. Furthermore, it can be optimized by updating the database with the information from differentareas.更多还原