【作者】 邓菊云；

【导师】 王太平；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 破产法是规范市场经济秩序的法律,是最重要的商事法律之一,是市场经济的“调节器”,是市场主体“依法退出之门”,对稳定社会秩序、均衡社会利益,保证债权债务关系正常实现发挥着特殊作用。破产能力是破产法中一个具有重大理论与实践意义的问题。破产能力的界定反映出一部破产法的价值取向,决定了破产程序结构。从传统的破产法到现代的破产法,破产法的价值与功能经历了从清算到拯救的演变。现代破产法的价值包括公平与平等价值、最大诚信价值、法的道德性规范价值和效益价值等。破产法的功能包括稳定社会秩序、均衡利益、淘汰和保障市场主体以及建立一国在国际上完全的市场经济地位等功能。我国目前对企业法人的破产能力已无争议,所以在新破产法的起草过程中,自然人的破产能力是争议较大而又急需解决的问题。从1994年新破产法草案开始起草至2006年8月27日新《企业破产法》的最终出台,历经12年的研究讨论,自然人破产立法始终在交锋中徘徊,但最后质疑的观点压倒了支持的观点,自然人未能被纳入破产法调整范围。这是新《企业破产法》的缺憾,也不符合世界发展潮流。破产制度与市场经济的发展密不可分,随着市场经济的迅速发展和破产理念的不断变化,我国赋予自然人破产能力有其必要性和可行性。中国加入WTO以后,如果没有完善的破产制度,在全球经济一体化的市场竞争中,无疑将不利于我国经济的发展。建立我国社会主义市场经济,必须有健全的破产法律制度。因此,我国应与国际接轨,选择一般破产主义原则,将自然人纳入破产法调整范围,同时建立与之配套的法律制度以预防其消极后果。完善的自然人破产法律制度包括自然人破产本身的制度安排和自然人破产相关的制度安排两大类。前者主要有明确自然人的破产界限、完善自然人的破产程序、建立自然人破产免责制度和建立自然人破产复权制度四个方面;后者主要有建立完善的个人信用制度和自由财产制度、完善社会保障制度和完善自然人破产犯罪制度四个方面。希望这些研究能够推动我国自然人破产法律制度的完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a law to normalize market economy, bankruptcy law is one of most important trading laws,“modulator”of the market economy, and the“gate of the legally withdrawal”for the market corpus. It plays a special role in stabling social order, balancing social benefit and guaranteeing the normal realization of creditor’s rights-debt relations. Capacity of bankruptcy is one of the important academic and practical problems in bankruptcy law. The definition of bankruptcy capabilities reflects the value tendency and determines the bankruptcy procedures. From traditional bankruptcy law to modern bankruptcy law, bankruptcy law’s values and functions has changed from settlement to saving. The values of modern bankruptcy law refer to the fair value, the biggest faith value, the moral standard value and the benefit value. The functions of bankruptcy law refer to stabling social orders, balancing benefits, eliminating and safeguarding the market corpus, establishing internationally complete market economy status of a country and so on.At present there is no dispute in discussing the capabilities of an enterprise’s bankruptcy in China, therefore in the course of drafting the new bankruptcy code, natural person’s bankruptcy capacity is an intensely disputable problem which need to be solved urgently. But from the time of drafting new bankruptcy law in 1994 to the time of the newly-passed“Enterprise Bankruptcy Law”on August 27th, 2006, this code experienced 12 years of research and discussion, in which the legislation of natural person’s bankruptcy was still in dilemma and in the end the view point of questioning crushed that of supporting, the natural person’s bankruptcy is not brought into its adjustment scope, and this is the new bankruptcy law’s shortcoming and does not conform to the world development tendency.There is close relationship between bankruptcy institution and the market economy development. With the development of market economy and bankruptcy theory, it is necessary and feasible to endow natural person with bankruptcy capacity in our country. Lacking a perfect bankruptcy system will unquestionably hinder the economic development in China, especially in the intense competition of an integrated world market after China joined the WTO. A sound bankruptcy institution is a must for establishing a socialist market economy of our country. Therefore, the general bankruptcy principle should be applied in our bankruptcy law, natural person’s bankruptcy should be brought into its adjustment scope, and a complete set of legal system should be established to prevent its passive effect. Complete bankruptcy legal system has natural person’s bankruptcy itself and related systems. The former has the four following aspects: clarifying the boundary of natural person’s bankruptcy, perfecting the procedure of natural person’s bankruptcy, exempting the responsibility system and the rehabilitation system. The latter also includes the four aspects: setting up perfect individual credit system, the free property system, social guarantee system and perfecting natural person’s bankruptcy crime system. Hope the research can perfect natural person’s bankruptcy system in China.更多还原