【作者】 孔德芳；

【导师】 张笑一；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国高等院校的迅速发展,各种实验室的数目有增无减、规模成倍扩大,实验室排放的废水日益增多,且含各种有害有毒物质,对环境造成的危害不容忽视。本课题以所在院校化学楼排放的实验废水为研究对象,经过对化学实验所涉及的试剂、药品及用量进行调查统计,并以CODcr、BOD5等为主要指标,通过持续一段时间对实验废水的监测,认为排放的实验废水属于低浓度实验废水,可利用生物-生态处理方法综合处理实验废水。并采用活性污泥与人工湿地生态系统相结合,建立实验室小型的模拟生态系统,对实验废水的处理进行试验研究。主要内容包括:以苯酚、甲苯、乙酸乙酯等为代表性有机污染物配制模拟实验废水,驯化活性污泥。驯化后的活性污泥的主要指标MLSS达3896.5mg/L、SVI达130 mg/L。通过改变进水浓度、停留时间、PH、温度对驯化污泥进行耐受性实验,结果显示驯化污泥都能对模拟实验废水保持良好的降解能力,能够适应较大的环境变化。对所选黄壤、粉煤灰、砂石的去污能力进行分析,最终确定粉煤灰投加量为5%、土:砂质量比为3:1为最佳的土壤填料组合,土壤填料厚度为60cm,并以两种方式将驯化的活性污泥添加到土壤填料中,采用内径为11cm、高160cm的PVC管建立起实验室小型的土壤填料柱系统。实验室小型的土壤填料柱系统对实际实验废水进行处理,结果显示:1.实验废水CODcr浓度在22.70mg/L到951.48 mg/L之间变化,土壤填料柱对CODcr的去除率可保持60%以上。实验废水CODcr浓度在120mg/L-200 mg/L之间时,出水CODcr浓度保持在10mg/L~30mg/L之间,系统对CODcr的去除率可达到85%以上,比较稳定。2.实验废水的BOD5浓度在30 mg/L~340mg/L之间变化,BOD5去除率基本保持在90%左右,去除效果很好。3.对于实验废水中的总N的去除效果,与实验废水的C/N比值有关,整体上系统对实验废水中总N的平均去除率可达64%左右。4.在土壤填料柱添加驯化污泥与不添加驯化污泥的对比实验,实验结果显示添加驯化污泥的土壤柱在CODcr、BOD5的处理效果都高于不添加驯化污泥的,证实了利用驯化污泥强化土壤填料中微生物的作用是可行的。实验室小型土壤填料柱对化学实验废水的处理是成功的,这为利用生物-生态处理方法综合处理实验废水的可行性奠定了实践基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of higher education in China, there appear more and more laboratories, whose scale is larger and larger. Wastewater generated by the chemical labs with a lot of hazardous and toxic substance, had posed a great threat to the environment. However, so far there have been few reports to study their treatment.This report is made by regarding the wastewater generated by the labs of our academy as a studying object, researching and counting the reagent, chemical medicine used by labs and their dosage, using CODcr and BOD5 as main indexes, and surveying the chemical wastewater for a sustaining period of time. In this report, the chemical wastewater is proved to be light concentration, which can be treated by the way of biology-zoology combined with activated sludge and constructed wetlands ecosystem, and can be studied by setting up pint-sized analog ecosystem in the lab. The main content is following:The activated sludge is acclimated by confecting analog chemical wastewater from some organic contaminations like phenol, toluene, acetic acid and so on. After acclimatization, its main index is MlSS to 3896.5mg per L and SVI to 130mg per L. And furthermore, the tolerance experiment about activated sludge are carried on by changing the concentration of water, staying time , ph and temperature .Finally, the result of this experiment indicates the acclimated activated sludge has a good lowering ability for the chemical waste water ,and can adapt biggish environment changes.The yellow soil, fly ash and sand and stone are analyzed for their abilities of clearing from the impurities to choose the best combination of soil stuffing, in which stuffing is 60cm thick, fly ash covers 5 percent ,and sand and stone are in the ratio of 3 to 1. The acclimated activated sludge added to the soil stuffing in two ways, the PVC tube used which is 160 cm high and whose inside diameter is 110cm, the pint-sized soil stuffing columniation is set up in the lab.The result indicates of the above system used to treat the chemical waste:1. When the CODcr concentration of chemical wastewater changes between 22.70mg per L and 951.48 mg per L, the clearing CODcr rate of soil stuffing columniation can keep over 60 percent. If it changes between 120mg per L and 200mg per L, CODcr concentration keeping between 10mg per L and 30mg per L, the rate can reach to over 85 percent and very stable .2. When the BOD5 concentration of chemical wastewater changes between 30mg per L and 340mg per L, the clearing BOD5 rate keeps about 90 percent. That’s very good.3. the clearing effect of total N in the chemical waste water is related to the ratio C/N of it .As a whole , the average clearing rate is about 64 percent.4. The contrast experiment of adding the acclimated activated sludge in the soil stuffing columniation or not, indicates the soil sludge with acclimated activated sludge can get a better effect than that without it. That means it’s a practical way to use the acclimated activated sludge consolidating microbial function.So the pint-sized soil stuffing columniation in the lab is successful in dealing with the chemical laboratory wastewater. It lays the foundation for using the way of biology-zoology to treat chemical laboratory wastewater.更多还原