【作者】 谢汉波；

【导师】 王秀伦； 王胜坤；

【作者基本信息】 大连交通大学 ， 机械制造， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 论文首先介绍了缓冲器的种类、特点及其应用，并从吸收冲击动能的本质上，将它们分为外摩擦式和内摩擦式两大类。通过对铁路车辆缓冲器在国内外发展过程的详细论述，指出铁路车辆缓冲器基础研究的重要意义。论文从理论上解释了缓冲器可以减小冲击力以及吸收冲击动能的基本原理，并介绍了缓冲器主要性能参数及其评价。介绍了铁路车辆缓冲器动力学以及有关摩擦学理论的基础知识。论文提出了新型摩擦缓冲器的工作原理，给出了机构简图，并对该机构进行了静力分析和几何关系分析，推导出新型摩擦缓器静态挠力特性参数方程。在此基础上，根据摩擦学原理，分析了缓冲器动态性能变化的原因，结合摩擦系数随载荷与速度变化的经验公式，推导出了缓冲器动态挠力特性参数方程。论文最后通过计算分析，绘出了新型摩擦缓冲器静态特性曲线，并指出该机构的特别之处在于，加载过程和卸载过程中角度α和β是变量，因而载荷的放大系数在加载开始时较大，加载结束时较小，并在卸载过程中更小。这个特点为缓冲器的设计提供了这样一种可能，只要选择适当的参数，就可以使加载曲线急剧上升之后再缓慢上升。这样的好处一是可以有效提高缓冲效率，二是可以按照需要灵活地设计缓冲器的初压力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Firstly, this paper introduces the kinds, characteristics and applications of buffers. They can be divided into two parts in absorbing impacting kinetic energy in essence: the external friction buffers and the internal friction buffers. Based on the analysis of railway vehicles development process of domestic and foreign, this paper expounds the significance of the basic research of buffers.The reason that buffer can reduce impact force and absorb kinetic energy is explained in theory. Besides the performance parameters of buffer, the basic knowledge of dynamic analysis of vehicle buffer and tribological theory are introduced.This paper provides a new working principle for friction buffer, and the mechanism sketch is given. According to mechanism static analysis and geometric analysis, the parametric equations of resilience static characteristics are derived. Based on above works, the reasons for these changes in buffer’s dynamic performance are presented by the principle of tribology. The parametric equations of resilience dynamic characteristics are derived in combination with an empirical formula that the friction coefficient changes with the load and sliding velocity.Finally, the static characteristic curves of the new type friction buffer have been given by the numerical computing. The specialty of the mechanism is: the angleαandβare variable in the loading process and unloading process. So the load amplification factor is bigger in the beginning of loading process, and is less in the end of loading process, is least in the whole unloading process. This behavior provides such a possibility that the loading curve rises quickly then smoothly, if the parameters were designed properly. The superior points of such conclusion are: the buffer’s efficiency can be improved significantly, and the initial pressure of buffer can be designed flexibly according to demand.更多还原