【作者】 王昕；

【导师】 李志军；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 港口、海岸及近海工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 由冰冻引起的冰坝、冰塞及冰凌现象，不仅影响水利设施和水上交通运输的正常营运，而且严重的冰凌决堤往往威胁河流两岸人民的生命财产安全。另外近年来的温室效应引起的全球气温升高，可能导致极地冰雪的大面积融化，造成全球性的水文气象灾害。因此对冰的研究越来越引起人们的关注，对冰的研究既有工程科学问题，也有水文水资源、水文气候等自然科学问题，厚度是其中基础的参数之一。本文的主要工作就是对冰厚的测量和计算进行研究。本文首先介绍冻冰度日法的基本原理，为后面在不同情况下应用冻冰度日法计算冰厚打下基础，然后介绍了冰厚测量的新设备—接触式磁致位移冰厚测量设备，通过对设备进行实验室和野外测试，得到该设备的精度可以满足高精度计算的需求。经过理论和测量设备的两方面准备，进而可以将冻冰度日法逐步深入地应用到实际情况之中，第一步将冻冰度日法通过修正应用于同冻冰度日法的理想条件最近似的低温实验室静水条件下冰的生长过程和南极湖冰生长过程之中，得到这两种情况下的冻冰度日法冰厚计算公式；第二步将冻冰度日法应用于海水结冰的情况，引入海冰盐度海冰生长的影响，得到符合南极海冰生长的修正的冻冰度日法冰厚计算式；然后进一步将冻冰度日法应用于水体中含有污染物硝基苯时冰的生长过程，通过引入水体中硝基苯浓度影响因子对冻冰度日法公式进行修正，得到这种情况下的冻冰度日法冰厚计算公式；最后将冻冰度日法应用于水体流动的情况下冰厚的计算，以松花江冰厚的计算为例，引入流速对冰生长的影响，得到松花江的冻冰度日法冰厚计算公式，通过对不同种类冰情况下冻冰度日法公式修正，最终得到了计算不同种类冰厚度的冻冰度日法冰厚计算通式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ice jam caused by frost not only affects normal operation of water conservancy buildingsand water transportation, but serious bank breach also threats life and property safety ofpeople who living along the rivers. In addition, globe warming caused by greenhouse effectsrecent years may cause ice and snow in polar region thawing, which will inflict globe marinedisasters. So ice studying is paid more attention, ice studying including engineering science,natural science like hydrographic water resources and hydrologic, in these studies icethickness is a basic parameter. So the major work of this paper is studying ice thicknessmeasuring and ice thickness calculating.At the beginning, principle of Degree-Day method is introduces, on which theapplications are based. And then a new ice thickness measuring apparatus-contactingmagnetostrictive displacement ice thickness measuring apparatus is introduced, accordingexperiments carried out in laboratory and wild field, precision of apparatus can satisfied needsdemand of high precision calculating. After theory and apparatus preparations, Degree-Daymethod can be applied in actual conditions. Firstly, the method is applied in ice grow oflaboratory condition and Antarctic where conditions are similar with theory condition and icethickness calculating equations in these conditions can be got; Secondly, the method isapplied in sea ice growing, bring in the influence parameters of sea ice salinity changingcalculating equations in these condition can be got; and then applied the method in icegrowing in water with nitrobenzene, bring in nitrobenzene concentration the ice thicknesscalculating equation in the condition can be got; At last, the method is applied in flowingwater condition, which take Songhuajiang river as an example, influence velocity of flow toice growing is paid attention, then ice thickness calculating equations in this condition can begot. After.analyzing Degree-Day method equations in different ice type, the general form ofDegree-Day method equation can be obtained.更多还原