【作者】 肖之炎；

【导师】 夏仁学；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 果树学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 翠冠梨是目前我国南方地区和长江中下游地区发展最快的特早熟优质砂梨品种之一，栽培面积已达7万hm~2以上。翠冠梨成熟早、果形较大、果实脆甜、风味好、石细胞少，综合品质优良，但其主要缺点是果皮易形成锈斑，外观品质差，影响了果实的商品性及经济效益，也制约了翠冠梨的发展。推行套袋栽培技术是解决果实外观问题、提高果实品质的一项重要措施。但是目前对梨等果树套袋技术的研究尚不完善，在生产实践中，还存在着一些尚待解决的问题，特别是在武汉市及湖北省夏季高温高湿的气候条件下，翠冠梨锈斑发生更加严重，即使采取了套袋措施，也难以得到外观品质好的翠冠梨。基于此，本试验通过对翠冠梨进行11种果袋类型、5个时期的套袋处理，研究和探讨了套袋对翠冠梨果实品质的影响规律及相关技术。主要结果如下：1、套袋可以显著改善翠冠梨果实外观品质。与前人通过研究套袋减少锈斑，从而提高果实外观品质所不同的是，本试验针对武汉地区气候特点，通过套袋增加果实锈斑、提高光洁度、降低果皮叶绿素含量的途径，使翠冠梨着均匀浅褐色，以改善翠冠梨果实的外观品质。外观好的浅褐色翠冠梨，须综合考虑锈斑、光洁度、色泽三个主要因素，要求浅褐色锈斑均匀布满果面、光洁度高、果实底色为黄白色。选用至少有一面为黑色的双层果袋，可降低果皮叶绿素含量，消除绿色对锈斑所呈现褐色的干扰。本试验选用的浙江省大富地有限公司生产的“灰-黑-黑-黑”双层纸袋和山东莱阳造纸厂生产的“浅灰-黑-黄-黄”双层纸袋在谢花后35～40d左右套袋的效果最好。2、套袋效应的总体趋势是增加了果面锈斑，提高了果实光洁度。但不同果袋作用效应存在着显著差异，其中，应用浙江省大富地有限公司生产的“灰-黑-黑-黑”双层纸袋和山东莱阳造纸厂生产的“浅灰-黑-黄-黄”双层纸袋套袋后，锈斑指数比对照分别升高了35.6％、34.2％，而光洁指数分别下降了96.6％、95.8％。随着套袋时间的推迟，锈斑指数有增加的趋势，套袋时间与锈斑指数显著正相关(r=0.41)。3、套袋显著降低了果皮色素含量，叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素及类黄酮含量的最低值分别比对照下降了85.0％、78.5％、71.1％和54.6％。果袋透光率越高，果皮各种色素含量也高，果皮色素含量与果袋透光率呈显著正相关关系，透光率与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素及类黄酮的相关系数分别为0.851，0.364，0.766，0.343。4、果袋透光率在可见光(420～780nm)范围内，随波长变化有明显的规律：总体趋势基本一致，变化曲线近似双曲线；在430～700nm范围内果袋的透光率变化明显呈三个级次平滑曲线，各种果袋分属不同级次，并在不同级次间跃迁；700nm处以后，各种果袋透光率都明显地迅速上升；果袋有一面或一面以上为黑色的，其透光率变化曲线总处于最低的第一级。透光率对果皮光合色素含量影响有效应的区域是510～700nm。5、套袋有增加果皮厚度趋势。与对照相比，11种果袋套袋后的果皮厚度有6种显著增加，4种变化不大，1种略有下降。从套袋时间看，最早套袋的果皮厚度相比对照显著提高了6.3％，随后4次套袋的果皮厚度与对照相比差异不显著。6、套袋不同程度降低了果实的TSS和SS的含量。其中，最早(5月4日)套袋的果实TSS和SS含量最低，显著低于其它时期处理，也低于对照，其它4个时期套袋处理(5月9日、14日、19日、24日)之间没有显著差异，略低于对照。本试验提出了用促进翠冠梨果实锈斑形成的方法，来提高果实外观品质的新途径和思路，并且筛选出了适合翠冠梨充分形成浅褐色锈斑，达到较好外观品质的两种果袋，在生产上具有一定的推广应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cuiguan pear was one of sand pear cultivar widly planted in south of China withgood quality of early-maturing. The yielding acreage is more than 70, 000 hm~2. the goodquality are early-maturing, bigger shape, good flavour, fewer stone cell. The shortcomingis easy to form rusty stain on the pericarp and result in fruit appearance quality is notexcellent, which restricted development of Cuiguan pear. Bagging is a vital solution toimprove sand pear’s appearance quality. But, the research of bagging technology doesnot perfect at present, threr are a lot of problems remaining to be solved in theapplication producing practice. Consequently, this experiment studied the effect ofbagging on quality of pear using Cuiguan as material by means of different paper bagtypes and different bagging time. The results were as follows:1. Bagging could significantly improve the appearance quality of fruits. There wereinconsistent patterns of improving fruit appearance quality between this study and others.The others reported the appearance quality were improved with bagging by decreasingthe rusty stain. We improved the fruit appearance quality by bagging with increased rustystain, then improved smoothness and reduced the contents of pericarp pigment. Rustystain, smoothness, colour and lustre were important for Cuigguan pear. A good qualityfruit requires fruit are full of rusty stain, highly polished and fruit bottom colour areyellow white. The double bag layers with more than one black layer can reduce thecontents of pericarp pigment, remove the green disturbance to brown rusty stain andimprove the apperance quality. In this study, the double layers bag with"grey-black-black-black" made by Dafudi corporation of Zhejiang province and "Frenchgrey-black-yellow-yellow" made by paper mill of Laiyang of Shandong province werethe best bagging during 35～40 d after withering.2. The rusty stain of fruit was increased and smoothness of fruit was improved bybagging. There were significant differences in different bags. The average rusty stainindex in the bags made by Dafudi corporation of Zhejiang province and paper mill ofLaiyang of Shandong province increased by 35.6% and 34.2%, smoothness indexdecreased by 96.6% and 95.8% in comparation with CK. Respectively, These resultsindicated that, with the date of bagging being delayed, the rusty stain index showsupward tendency. There is significant positive relationship between bagging time and therusty stain index (r=0.41).3. Pigment in pericarp was decreased significent by bagging. The minimum contentsof chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and flavonoid decreased by 85.0%, 78.5%, 71.1% and 54.6%, respectively. There appeared to be significant positive relationshipbetween pigment contents in pericarp and tansparency of bags. The correlationcoefficient between the tansparency of bags with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoidand flavonoid were 0.851, 0.364, 0.766 and 0.343.4. There were consistent patterns in tansparency of bags in visible wavelength(420～780 nm). It appeared to be hyperbola, approximately. In wavelength of 430-700 nm,variation of bag’s tansparency presented a significently three-level parten curves withdifferent bag on different level curves. Tansparency of bags increased significantly after700nm of significantly. Variation of bag’s tansparency was on the lowest level patern ifthe bag be with one or more than one layers of black paper. The most efficientwavelength of bag’s tansparency on pigment contents in pericarp is 510-700 nm.5. The peel thickness was increased by bagging. For bag type trentments, there were6 types bag significant increased peel thickness, 1 type bag decreased peel thickness and4 types bag had no significant differences compared to CK. For time treatments, the peelthicknes incresed by 6.3% in the first time by bagging compared to CK, and there wereno significant differences between later treetments compared to CK.6. The contents of soluble solid and soluble sugar would decreased through bagging.The contents of soluble solid and soluble sugar was the lowest on May 4 and significentlower than other treatments and CK, it decreased by 12.6% and 21.4% in comparation toCK, respectively. There were no significant differences between other time treatments(May 9, 14, 19, 24), but all significent lower than CK.Finally, we advanced a new notion by increased the rusty stain to improve appearancequality, and fotmd two type of bags which have significant improve Cuiguan pearappearance quality, which is very useful.更多还原