【作者】 蒲毅蕻；

【导师】 谢从华； 肖钧；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业推广， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L．)是世界第四大粮食作物。中国是最大的马铃薯生产国，但平均产量相对较低。由病毒所引起的退化是造成马铃薯产量低下的主要原因，这给世界马铃薯生产带来十分严重的危害。上世纪70年代以来，借助于组织培养技术，人们发展了多种种薯体系来生产脱毒种薯，微型薯的研究与应用，使种薯繁殖周期大大缩短。本研究在六盘市钟山区凤凰新区，以鄂马铃薯1号、鄂马铃薯3号和南中552等品种的试管薯为材料，通过田间试验，采用方差分析、相关分析和Duncan多重比较分析等分析方法，研究四种基质对各参试同品种马铃薯试管薯无土栽培生产微型薯的粒数和重量等方面的影响；研究试管薯出苗后，在松针土条件下，不同扦插、培土次数的栽培技术对各参试品种马铃薯试管薯生产微型薯的粒数及成本等方面的影响，研究主要结论如下：1、鄂马铃薯1号、鄂马铃薯3号和南中552三个参试马铃薯品种的单位面积微型薯粒数产出率都以松针土作为基质的，生产效率最高。而三个以品种则以鄂马铃薯3号的单位面积微型薯粒数产出率最高。2、、虽然扦插管理需要增加投入，只要管理能精心、细致，确保扦插存活率，就可以有效降低微型薯的生产成本。3、由于六盘水有丰富的松针土资源，且成本低廉，加之高海拔地区气候冷凉、作物单一、病虫害种类少及隔离条件好，因此，在六盘水市最适宜于通过用松针土做基质、鄂马铃薯3号为材料，推广大众化的无土栽培技术，建设二年制种薯生产体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth important grain food crop in the world. China is the biggest country to produce potato, but the average yield is relatively low. The deterioration caused by virus diseases is the main factor that reduces the yield. This brings a negative influence to the production of potato in the country. Since 1970’s, tissue culture has been applied to produce virus-free seed tubers and achievements obtained in microtubers has reduced the cycle of seed potato production.This research was carried out at Fenghuang area of Liupanshui City. Microtubers of cvs. E-potato 1, E-potato 3, and Nanzhong 552 were cultivated by soilless cultivation to produce minitubers. Using respective methods such as variance analysis, correlation analysis and Duncan multiple comparison, the effects of four growth media and field management (such as cutting and hilling) when growing microtubers with pine leaf residue on number and weight of minitubers and the production cost were studied. The main results as follow:1. For E-potato 1, E-potato 3 and Nanzhong 552, the number of minitubers per-unit area was the biggest when using the medium mixed with pine leave residues. E-potato 3 produced the most monitubers among three varieties.2. Although cutting could add the production cost, it could be remarkably reduced by increasing the survival rate of transplanting.3. Liupanshui City is rich of resources of pine leave residue with low cost. It is a region with cool climate, monocrop system, less pathogens and well isolated environment, so it is suitable to set up and popularize the Two-Year seed potato system with usage of pine leaf residue and cv. E-potato 3.更多还原