【作者】 刘爱霞；

【导师】 杨文钰； 陈兴福；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 以不施氮肥为对照，研究了不同施氮量(50，100，150，200kg／hm~2)和不同底追比例(底追比例为2：0和1：1)对川泽泻株高、叶片数量、干物质积累、氮素吸收利用、产量和质量的影响，结果表明：1．增施氮肥促进了川泽泻株高、叶片数量的增大，而根长随施氮量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势，在生育后期它们均以氮肥底追比为1：1的较高。2．随着施氮量的增加，各生育时期的干物质积累量增大；干物质在叶片中的分配率随施氮量的增加而增加，而在块茎中的分配率则随施氮量的增加而降低；成熟期干物质在叶片中的分配率以氮肥底追比为2：0的较高，在块茎的分配率则是以氮肥底追比为1：1处理的较高。3．增施氮肥，叶片和块茎中的含氮量增加，成熟期植株中的氮素滞留量增多。随施氮量的增加各生育期植株氮素积累量增加，氮素的生产效率和收获指数下降；氮素积累总量在移栽后35d至55d以底追比为2：0的较大，移栽后65d至85d则是以底追比为1：1的较大。氮肥利用率随施氮量的增加而降低，各施氮水平下均以底追比为1：1的氮肥利用率最高。回归分析发现，成熟期川泽泻吸氮总量与产量呈抛物线关系，当吸氮量为34.72kg／hm~2时产量最高。4．产量随施氮量的增加而提高，当施氮量增加到200kg／hm~2，且氮肥底追比为1：1时，产量最高，其次是施氮量为150 kg／hm~2，且氮肥底追比为1：1时的产量。5．增施氮肥有利于川泽泻外观质量的提高，块茎直径随施氮量的增加而增大，底追比例以1：1的体积最大；泽泻醇A-24-乙酰酯与泽泻醇B-23-乙酰酯含量随施氮量的增加而增大，至施氮量为150 kg／hm~2时含量最大，再增加则有所降低。不同底追比例对川泽泻质量有显著的影响，底追比例为1：1的块茎直径以及泽泻醇A-24-乙酰酯与泽泻醇B-23-乙酰酯含量较2：0处理的高。6．川泽泻氮素吸收利用率与产量和质量性状存在密切的相关关系，不同施氮条件下，氮素吸收利用对产量和质量性状的影响相关分析表明，块茎直径随着氮素积累总量的增加而极显著地增加，随着氮素生产效率和氮素收获指数的增加而显著降低，即外观质量随着氮素积累总量的增加而提高，随着氮素生产效率和氮素收获指数的增加而显著降低；产量随氮素积累总量的增加而极显著增加，随氮素干物质生产效率和收获指数的增加而显著降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effects of different nitrogen applying amount (50, 100, 150, 200kg/hm~2) and assigning proportion of nitrogen fertilizer(applying basic N and tillering N as 2:0andll:l)on plant height, leaf number, the dry weight of plant, N uptake and utilization, yield and quality of Alism a plantago-aquatica Linn were studied, by taking the treatment without applying nitrogen as CK. The results showed as follows:1. With the increasing of amount of nitrogen applied, plant height, root length and leaf number increased, but at high N level root length declined. And they were all higher when applying N as 1:1 at late growth stage.2. With the increasing of amount of nitrogen applied, amount of dry matter accumulated at every growth stage increased. With the increasing of amount of nitrogen applied, the percentage of dry matter distributed to leaf increased,, that distributed to tuber declined.; Autumn As far as the percentage of dry matter distributed to leaf was concerned, the assigning proportions which applying N as 2:0 was separately higher than the other proportions which applying N as 1:1, but as far as the percentage of dry matter distributed to tuber was concerned, the trend was opposite.3. Nitrogen is the indispensable nutrient to the plant. Increasing nitrogen applying amount, improved N-content of leaf and tuber, and increased the amount of N leaving in straw at maturing stage (MS). With the increasing of nitrogen applying amount, total N accumulated (TNA) at every stage improved notably, but N production efficiency and N harvest index (NHI) reduced. At 35d to 55d after transplanting, TNA was higher when applying N as 2:0, but at 65d to 85d after transplanting, it was higher when applying N as 1:1. According to regression analyzing, parabola relationship between yield and TNA at MS was found, from the equation it could be caculated that the yield was highest when N-uptaking amount was 33. 95 kg/hm~2.4. Yield varied under different N application. With the increasing of nitrogen applying amount yield improved, and it was the highest when amount of N applied was 200kg/hm~2 and applying N as 1:1, and it is higher when amount of N applied was 150kg/hm~2 and applying N as 1:1.5. Increasing the nitrogen applying amount properly, in certain range, was good for improving facade quality of Alism a plantago-aquatica Linn. Diameter of tuber increased with the increasing of the nitrogen applying amount properly, and it is best when applying N as 1:1. Increasing nitrogen applying amount, improved content of the 24-Acetyl Alisol A and 23-Acetyl Alisol B, and it is best when nitrogen applying amount is 150 kg/hm~2, but at high N level it declined. With different assigning proportions of nitrogen fertilizer had an important influence on Alism a plantago-aquatica Linn quality, among the two assigning proportions of nitrogen fertilizer, tuber diameter, the 24-Acetyl Alisol A and 23-Acetyl Alisol B contents which applying N as 1:1 were all higher than which applying N as 2:0.6. Changes of N uptake and utilization under different N application had an important influence on Alism a plantago-aquatica Linn yield and quality. Under different N application, According to mutuality analyzing found, tuber diameter enhanced with the increasing of N accumulation, but it reduced with the increasing of NDMPE and NHL Yield increased with the increasing of TNA, but it reduced with the increasing of NDMPE and NHL更多还原