【作者】 王中美；

【导师】 屠乃美；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文系统地研究了紫云英和小麦的不同压青量以及紫云英的不同还田方式(覆盖与翻埋)对土壤养分、根际微生物、烟株农艺性状、干物质积累、氮磷钾养分吸收积累动态、烤后烟叶化学成分含量及烤后烟叶产量和品质的影响。得到如下结论：1．绿肥压青量的增加能够提高土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和活性有机质含量。绿肥压青还能调节土壤pH值，烟株生育前期增加pH值，后期降低pH值，压青量越大，这种增加或降低越大。在施肥时扣除绿肥中养分含量压青量为1500kg／667m~2的处理，速效氮、速效钾含量和pH值在烟株生育前期低于CK，生育后期高于CK。速效磷和活性有机质含量在烟株的整个生育时期都比CK高。该处理与压青量相同的处理相比，其速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、活性有机质和pH值都低。绿肥压青对旱地和稻田土壤理化性状影响程度不同，对土壤中速效氮和速效钾含量的影响，旱地比稻田大；对活性有机质含量的影响，稻田比旱地大；对速效磷含量和pH值的影响，旱地与稻田的差别不明显。紫云英覆盖处理与深埋处理，在烟株生育前期，土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、活性有机质含量以及pH值覆盖处理低于深埋处理；生育后期，覆盖处理高于深埋处理。其中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量和pH值覆盖处理和深埋的差别不明显，但活性有机质含量之间的差别较大。2．绿肥压青提高了根际真菌、细菌和放线菌的数量，并且随着压青量的增加逐渐增加。在烟株的各个生育时期各处理根际细菌数量呈倒“V”字形变化趋势，根际放线菌数量呈倒“N”(先降低再升高然后降低)字形变化，根际真菌数量呈“N”(先升高再降低然后在升高)字形变化趋势。在旺长期时，各处理根际细菌数量达到最大值，而根际放线菌和真菌的数量最小。这三种根际微生物在烟株生育的各个时期大小顺序都为2000kg／667m~2＞1500kg／667m~2＞1000kg／667m~2＞CK。在施肥时扣除绿肥中养分含量压青量为1500kg／667m~2的处理，与CK相比，细菌、放线菌和真菌数量在烟株的各个生育时期都显著高于CK。与压青量相同的处理比，在烟株生育前期，这三种微生物都比其低，生育后期都比其高。旱地小麦压青和稻田紫云英压青的各处理对细菌和放线菌数量的影响，稻田比旱地大。对真菌数量的影响，旱地比稻田的大。紫云英不同还田方式对细菌、放线菌和真菌数量的影响差异显著，在烟株移栽后到团棵期，这三种微生物数量，深埋处理比覆盖处理的都大。团棵期后，覆盖处理均远远高于深埋处理。3．绿肥压青各处理在烟株各生育时期，根、茎、叶和全株干物质积累大小均为2000kg／667m~2＞1500kg／667m~2＞1000kg／667m~2＞1500kg／667m~2(扣除绿肥养分中氮、磷和钾含量)＞CK。增长速度最大的是压青量为2000kg／667m~2的处理，CK则是最低。在烟株的整个生育时期，随压青量的增加，烟株中全氮和全钾的吸收也增多，对全磷的吸收不明显。旱地小麦压青对烟株的根、茎、叶和全株干物质积累比稻田紫云英压青大。压青量为1500kg／667m~2处理和2000kg／667m~2的处理之间的差别旱地较稻田少。对全氮、全磷和全钾的吸收规律基本一致。紫云英不同还田方式的各处理，覆盖处理的根、茎、叶和全株的干物质积累最多，增加速度最大。在烟草的各生育时期，覆盖处理增加了烟株中全氮和全钾的积累，但对全磷的吸收，无明显影响。4．绿肥压青提高了烤后烟叶中总糖、还原糖含量，各成分含量与绿肥压青量呈正相关，总糖含量相关系数达到显著水平，还原糖含量相关系数达到极显著水平。烟碱含量与绿肥的压青量负相关，相关系数达到显著水平。通过对烟叶中各化学成分比值进行分析可知，绿肥压青量实验中，压青量为2000kg／667m~2处理的产量最高。旱地小麦压青量为1000kg／667m~2处理，稻田紫云英压青量为1500kg／667m~2处理，烤烟品质最佳。在紫云英不同还田方式实验中，以覆盖处理的烤烟产量最高，品质最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the effects of the different incorporation quantities of the Chinesemilk vetch and wheat and the milk vetch incorporation in different ways (coverageand incorporation) on field nutrition, rhizosphere microbial, agronomical character oftobacco plant, tobacco plant dry matter accumulation, the dynamic uptake andaccumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the chemical composition oftobacco and the yield & quality of tobacco were studied systematically. The mainresearch results are as follows:1. The amount of available nutrient (N, P, K and organic matter) in soil increasedwith the increasement of green manure incorporation quantity. Green manureincorporation could also adjust the pH level of soil. The pH value increased in theearly period of tobacco growth, while it decreased in the late time. The more thequantity of green manure incorporated, the greater the pH value changed.The amount of available nitrogen, potassium and pH value of the treatment of1500kg/667m~2 deducted its nutrient content (N, P, K) were lower than CK in the earlygrowth period of the tobacco plant, but its amount were higher in the late period.Compared with other treatments of the same green manure incorporation quantity, theavailable nutrient (N, P, K and organic matter) in this treatment were lower.The effects of the different green manure incorporations on the amount ofavailable nitrogen and potassium in the dry tobacco-growing soil were greater thanthat in the paddy soil. On the active organic matter, the result was opposite. On theavailable phosphorus and the pH level, the differences were not significant.The amounts of available N, P and K, active organic matter and the pH levelunder incorporated treatment with the Chinese milk vetch were higher than that underthe covered treatment in the early growth period of tobacco, but it reversed in the laterperiod. The differences between the incorporated treatment and the covered treatmentwere not significant on the amount of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium andthe pH level, but the difference was great in the content of active organic matter. 2. The increasement of green manure incorporation also improved the amount ofthree kinds of rhizospheric microbial biomass including fungi, bacteria, actinomyces.The amount of rhizospheric bacteria reached the maximum on the vigorous growthstage, but the amount of rhizospheric actinomyces and rhizospheric fungi reached theminimum. The order of the amount of these three rhizospheric microbial was2000kg/667m~2＞1500kg/667m~2＞1000kg/667m~2＞CK in each growth period of tobaccoplant. In the experiments of Chinese milk vetch in different ways, the amounts of thethree kinds ofrhizospheric microbial biomass among the treatments were different.3. On the dry matter (including root, stem, leaf) accumulation of tobacco plant ineach growth period of tobacco, the relationship of the different green manureincorporation quantity was 2000kg/667m~2＞1500kg/667m~2＞1000kg/667m~2＞1500kg/667m~2 (the treatment deducted the nutrients)＞CK. In the whole growth period,the increasement of green manure incorporation enhanced the accumulation of N andK, but the effect was not significant on the accumulation of P.In the experiments of Chinese milk vetch in different ways, the amount of thedry matter accumulation in root, stem and leaf were the most and its accumulationrate was the fastest under the covered treatment. The covered treatment improved theabsorption of N and K, but it didn’t for the absorption of P.4. The contents of chemical composition were enhanced including total sugar,reducing sugar. The correlation between the chemical composition and the greenmanure incorporation quantity was positive. The content of total sugar was significantpositive correlative with the green manure incorporation quantity. The reducing sugarwas very significant positive correlative with the green manure incorporation quantity.The nicotine content was negative correlative with the green manure incorporationquantity, and the correlation coefficient was significant. By the analysis of the ratio ofvarious chemical compositon, the yield of the 2000kg/667m~2 treatment was the largest.The quality of the 1000kg/667m~2 treatment in dry field and 1500kg/667m~2 treatmentin paddy field were the best. In the experiment of green manure incorporation indifferent ways, the green manure covered treatment was the best.更多还原