【作者】 于琳；

【导师】 李明；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 亚麻纤维的产量和品质既决定于其基因型，也受到环境和栽培措施的影响，其中养分的供应状况十分重要，养分调节也是人们调控亚麻生长的主要手段。纤维亚麻喜温和气候，生育期短，根系纤细，吸肥力弱而集中。氮、磷、钾作为亚麻生长所必须的大量元素，一直为国内外研究学者所关注。为了克服单一因素研究的不足，本试验采用三因素二次饱和D—最优设计，同时考虑到基因型间可能存在的差异，试验选用高纤中产的国外引进品种Argos和中纤高产的国内品种黑亚14号两个品种，并同时设置了盆栽试验和小区试验。旨在探讨肥料对亚麻纤维发育、纤维产量和品质形成的影响。试验结果表明：1．氮肥可使亚麻茎杆增粗，并显著增大纤维细胞数量、纤维细胞大小，促进纤维细胞壁加厚，但却使得纤维束数略有降低；磷肥同样使得亚麻茎杆增粗，而对于促进纤维细胞数量增多的效果比氮肥还要明显，且有利于纤维束数的形成，对于高纤品种高斯纤维细胞壁的加厚作用明显，而对中纤品种黑亚14号作用不大；钾肥不利于茎杆增粗，且对促进纤维细胞数量增多的作用效果也不如氮、磷肥明显，但对纤维细胞壁的加厚、纤维细胞的增大有良好的促进作用，特别是在生育后期。2．氮肥和磷肥均促进亚麻株高生长，钾肥则对株高的增长影响不大，如氮、磷、钾肥配合施用，则会得到更好的效果；氮肥能增加光合面积，显著提高亚麻的干物质积累，如配合磷、钾肥施用则效果更佳；磷肥有利于氮素的吸收，应配合氮肥施用，增加干物质积累；单施钾肥则不利于亚麻增加光合面积、并影响干物质的积累，从而降低原茎产量。3．亚麻地上部氮、磷、钾积累量呈“S”型曲线变化，可以用方程Y=K／(1+e^a-bx)表示，最终积累量是全氮＞全钾＞全磷。亚麻对磷素的吸收前期缓慢，开花期后吸收速率加快，其积累量在整个生育期内要明显少于氮、钾肥；亚麻在整个生育期都需要钾，其积累钾素的量与氮素相当。4．在亚麻的不同生育时期，随着氮素水平的提高，氮、磷、钾的积累量均有所增加；随着磷素水平的提高，除在枞形期如施用过量会使氮素的积累降低外，在其它各生育时期对氮、磷、钾的积累均起到促进作用；钾素水平对氮、磷、钾的积累在枞形期、开花期作用较小，钾肥水平过量在工艺成熟期则起到抑制作用。5．氮肥对原茎产量的影响呈抛物线状；磷肥对原茎产量的影响呈近似线性增加；而钾肥对亚麻原茎产量的影响呈反抛物线状。当施用纯氮44.5kg、五氧化二磷135kg和氧化钾90kg时，高斯可以得到10123.33kg／hm²的产量。6．磷肥、钾肥有利于纤维含量的提高，而单独施用氮肥则降低了纤维含量。7．氮肥对果胶含量的影响呈抛物线状，磷肥促进果胶含量，而钾肥则抑制果胶含量的增加；三种肥料对半纤维素含量均产生抑制作用；氮肥不利于纤维素的形成，而少量的磷肥有利于纤维素的形成，钾肥则促进纤维素的形成；氮、磷肥促进木质素含量的增加，而钾肥对木质素含量的影响是先降低后增加的。8．氮肥对亚麻纤维强度的影响呈反抛物线状，磷肥对亚麻纤维强度起到抑制作用，钾肥则起到良好的促进作用；而随着施用氮、磷水平的增加，亚麻纤维可挠度不断增加，而随着施用钾肥水平的不断提高，亚麻纤维可挠度不断减小。更多还原

【Abstract】 The yield and quality of flax fibre are determined by genotypes, and also by environment andcultivated conditions. The status of providing nutrient is very important, and nutrient adjusting is animportant means to control flax growing. Fibre flax like mild climate, its growing period is short,and the ability of absorbing fertilizer is poor because its root is finespun. As integrant mass elementfor flax’s growth, N P K attracts attention have been regarding by of researchers. Three factorquadratic saturation and D-excellent design were adopted in order to overcome the disadvantage ofsingle factor in the experiment. Two cultivar, AG（mid-yield and high fibre content） and Heiya14（high yield and mid-fibre content）, were selected with a view to the possible difference betweengenotypes, and planted in potted experiment and plot experiment. This article aimed to find effectof fertilizer on fibre growth, N P K accumulation, formation of fibre yield and quality. The resultshowed:1. N-fertilizer can increase diameter of stem, and significantly increase the number of fibrecells, enhance the diameter of fibre cell and thickness of cell wall, but decrease the number of fibrebundle; P-fertilizer can also increase diameter of stem, and has more significantly effect to enhancethe number of fibre cells, at the same time, it has significantly effect to make cell wall thickness forAG, but it is not significantly for Heiyal4. K-fertilizer decrease diameter of stem, and has fewereffect to enhance number of fibre cells, but it has effect to make cell wall thickness and enhancediameter of fibre cell especially in the end of growing period.2. N-fertilizer and P-fertilizer can enhance flax height, and K-fertilizer has fewer effect onheight, cooperating with P N K can reach better effect. N-fertilizer can increase leaf area,significantly enhance accumulation of dry material, enhance area of photosynthesis, it can reachbetter effect if cooperating with P K; P-fertilizer can help to absorb N, so it should be used with N-fertilizer to enhance accumulation of dry material; Only use K-fertilizer is bad to enhancing area ofphotosynthesis, and effect accumulation of dry material, accordingly deduce original stem yield.3. N P K accumulation of flax change as "S" curve, it can express by Y=K/(1+e^a-bx). theranking of finally accumulation is: N＞K＞P. The measure of absorbing P is slow in early period,and go quickly after anthesis. Flax need K in all period, the measure is corresponding to N.4. Following N level enhancing, N P K accumulation increase in different growing period.Enhancing P level can promote N P K accumulation except using superfluous P in slowly-growthand quick-growth stage; K has fewer promoting effect in slowly-growth and quick-growth stage and anthesis, superfluous K can restrain flax growing in mature period.5. Effect from N-fertilizer to yield can be described as a parabola; effect from P-fertilizer toyield is near linearity; effect from K-fertilizer to yield can be described as a converse parabola.using N P K together can get best effect; when use 44.5 kg N, 135 kg P₂O₅ and 90 kg K₂O, theyield of Argos can reach 10123.33 kg/hm².6. P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer are avail to promoting fibre content, but only using N-fertilizerwill reduce fibre content.7. The effect from N-fertilizer to pectin can described as a parabola, P-fertilizer can promotepectin content, and K-fertilizer can restrain pectin; N P K can restrain hemicellulose; N-fertilizer goagainst formation of cellulose, little P-fertilizer is avail to formation of cellulose, K-fertilizer canpromote formation of cellulose; N-fertilizer and P-fertilizer can promote lignin, and effect fromK-fertilizer to lignin will first fall and increase later.8. Effect from N-fertilizer to intension can be described as a converse parabola, P-fertilizer hasa restrain effect on intension, and K-fertilizer has a promoting effect on it. As the N P level increase,the flexibility of flax fibre increase, and the flexibility of flax fibre decreases as K-fertilizer levelincrease.更多还原