【作者】 卢红霞；

【导师】 刘福胜；

【作者基本信息】 青岛科技大学 ， 化学工艺， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以丙烯酰胺（AM）、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DAC）三种单体为原料，采用水溶液聚合法合成了三种不同的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂，通过FT-IR技术对所得产物的结构进行表征，并采用污泥对其絮凝性能进行评价。考察了不同引发体系对聚合反应的影响，研究了复合引发体系中氧化还原引发剂浓度、氧化剂与还原剂质量比、偶氮类引发剂种类和浓度、反应温度、反应体系pH值、单体浓度、阳离子度、反应时间、干燥时间、干燥温度、络合剂种类和浓度、增链剂种类和浓度、助溶剂种类和浓度、表面活性剂种类和浓度等因素对产物特性粘数和溶解性的影响。结果表明：加入增链剂及络合剂并不能显著的提高产物的特性粘数；随着尿素浓度的增大，产物的特性粘数先增大后减小，而产物的溶解时间缩短却不明显；加入表面活性剂后不仅降低了产物的特性粘数，而且也缩短了产物的溶解时间。在絮凝性能实验中，主要研究了絮凝剂特性粘数、用量及阳离子度等因素对其絮凝性能的影响。P（DMC-AM）的较佳合成工艺条件是：（NH₄）₂S₂O₈和CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O浓度0.0150％，（NH₄）₂S₂O₈与CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O质量比0.7∶1.0，偶氮类引发剂浓度0.0125％，反应温度25℃，pH值6.0，单体浓度40％，阳离子度40％，反应时间2.5h，干燥温度60℃，干燥时间16.0h，EDTA·2Na浓度0.0002％，尿素浓度0.005％，表面活性剂B浓度7.5％。得到的较佳絮凝条件是：污泥pH值6.0，P（DMC-AM）特性粘数11.9235dL·g^-1，阳离子度40％，用量0.027％，离心速度1500rpm，离心时间30min，在此条件下，所得上层清液的透光率达98.0％，絮凝率达66.0％，污泥的脱水率达到70.0％以上。P（DAC-AM）的较佳合成工艺条件是：pH值6.0，（NH₄）₂S₂O₈和CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O浓度0.0125％，（NH₄）₂S₂O₈与CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O质量比1.0∶1.0，偶氮类引发剂浓度0.0125％，单体浓度35％，阳离子度30％，反应温度25℃，在上述条件下，所得产物的特性粘数为13.8535dL·g^-1。得到的较佳絮凝条件是：P（DAC-AM）阳离子度30％，特性粘数13.8535dL·g^-1，用量0.027％，在此条件下，污水的透光率达99.6％，脱水率达到90.0％以上。P（DAC-DMC-AM）的较佳合成工艺条件是：pH值6.0，（NH₄）₂S₂O₈和CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O总浓度0.0150％，（NH₄）₂S₂O₈与CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O质量比0.7∶1.0，偶氮类引发剂浓度0.0125％，单体浓度40％，阳离子度35％（DAC与DMC的比例1.0∶1.0），反应温度25℃，在上述条件下，所得产物的特性粘数为11.9035dL·g^-1。得到较佳的絮凝条件是：P（DAC-DMC-AM）阳离子度35％，特性粘数11.9035dL·g^-1，用量0.027％，在此条件下，污水的透光率达98.9％，絮凝率达66.2％，脱水率达81.0％。有关该三元共聚物的研究目前未见文献报道。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three different kinds of cationic polyacrylamide flocculants were synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization using acrylamide（AM）, methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride（DMC） and acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride（DAC） as monomers. The structure of obtained products were characterized by FT-IR, theirs capability of flocculating performances were investigated in wastewater.The influences of factors, such as initiator system, oxidant-reductant concentration, the mass ratio of oxidizer to reductant, azo-compound types and concentration, reaction temperature, pH value, monomer concentration, cationic degree, drying time and temperature, types and concentration of chelator, chain-increase agent, solubilizing agent and surfactant on the intrinsic viscosity of product were studied. The results showed that the effects of increase-chain agent and chelator concentrations on the improving of intrinsic viscosity of product were inapparent, that with the increasing of urea concentration, the intrinsic viscosity of product increased at first and then decreased, but there was no obvious improvement on the solubility of product and that with the increasing of surfactant concentration, both the intrinsic viscosity and the solubility of product decreased. In flocculanting experiment, the effects of intrinsic viscosity, cationic degree and dosage of cationic flocculant on its flocculating performances were investigated.The obtained optimum reaction conditions for synthesis of P（DMC-AM） were （NH₄）₂S₂O₈ and CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O concentration 0.0150%, the mass ratio of （NH₄）₂S₂O₈ to CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O 0.7:1.0, azo-initiator concentration 0.0125%, reaction temperature 25℃, pH value 6.0, monomer concentration 40%, cationic degree 40%, reaction time 2.5h, drying temperature 60℃, drying time 16.0h, EDTA·2Na concentration 0.0002%, urea concentration 0.005%, surfactant concentration 7.5%. The obtained optimum flocculating conditions were pH value of wastewater 6.0, the intrinsic viscosity of cationic polyacrylamide 11.9234dL·g^-1, cationic degree 40%, the dosage 0.027%, velocity of centrifuge 1500 rpm, time of centrifuge 30min. Under above conditions, the transmittance of treated wastewater was 98.0%, the flocculating rate was 66.0%, dewatering rate was 70.0%.The obtained optimum reaction conditions for synthesis of P（DAC-AM） were pH value 6.0, （NH₄）₂S₂O₈ and CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O concentration 0.0125%, the mass ratio of （NH₄）₂S₂O₈ to CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O 1.0:1.0, azo-initiator concentration 0.0125%, monomer concentration 35%, cationic degree 30%, reaction temperature 25℃. Under above conditions, the intrinsic viscosity of product was 13.8535dL·g^-1. The obtained optimum flocculating conditions were the intrinsic viscosity of P（DAC-AM） 13.8535dL·g^-1, cationic degree 30%, the dosage 0.027%. Under above conditions, the transmittance of treated wastewater was 99.6%, dewatering rate was up to 90.0%.The obtained optimum reaction conditions for synthesis of P（DAC-DMC-AM） were pH value 6.0, （NH₄）₂S₂O₈ and CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O concentration 0.0150%, the mass ratio of （NH₄）₂S₂O₈ to CH₃NaO₃S·2H₂O 0.7:1.0, azo-initiator concentration 0.0125%, monomer concentration 40%, cationic degree 35%（the mass ratio of DAC to DMC 1.0:1.0）, reaction temperature 25℃. Under above conditions, the intrinsic viscosity of product was 11.9035dL·g^-1. The obtained optimum flocculating conditions were cationic degree of P（DAC-DMC-AM） 35%, the intrinsic viscosity 11.9035dL·g^-1, the dosage 0.027%. Under above conditions, the transmittance of treated wastewater was 98.9%, the flocculating rate was 66.2%, dewatering rate was 81.0%. To our knowledge, there is no literature report about the studies on P（DAC-DMC-AM） flocculant.更多还原