【作者】 王志栋；

【导师】 彭人勇；

【作者基本信息】 青岛科技大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 聚合物-无机纳米复合材料由于它在力学性能、耐热性、光学性能、阻燃性、气体阻隔性、耐老化性及抗菌性等方面的性能而弥补了一般聚合物包装材料的不足，成为了包装领域的研究热点。为了进一步提高包装材料的性能，本课题研究了聚乙烯醇／蒙脱土／二氧化钛（PVA／MMT／TiO₂）复合薄膜的制备、结构、物化性能和抗菌性，主要工作分为三个部分：首先，采用插层一溶胶凝胶法，以聚乙烯醇、蒙脱土、二氧化钛为原料制备了PVA／MMT／TiO₂复合薄膜，并对其进行了结构表征。从SEM图片中观察到MMT、TiO₂均匀的分散于PVA基体中，相容性较好；IR测试结果表明，MMT、TiO₂已成功分散于PVA基体中，且形成网络结构；TG-DSC分析表明，由于MMT、TiO₂的协同增强作用，复合薄膜的热性能比纯PVA薄膜有较大提高。其次，通过研究TiO₂的质量百分含量、pH值、搅拌时间和反应温度对薄膜物理性能的影响确定了最佳制备条件。力学性能测试表明，TiO₂含量为1％（质量分数），MMT含量为3％（质量分数）时，PVA／MMT／TiO₂复合薄膜的拉伸强度比纯PVA薄膜提高了49.46％，弹性模量、直角撕裂强度分别是纯PVA薄膜的1.8倍和1.4倍，断裂伸长率则由329.33％降低至181.15％；透光率测试显示，PVA／MMT／TiO₂复合薄膜对不同波长的紫外光透射率在50％-60％之间，对可见光的透射率较高；耐水性能测试表明，复合薄膜的吸水率先增大后趋于平衡，饱和时达到236.77％；水蒸气透过性测试显示，PVA／MMT／TiO₂复合薄膜的水蒸气透过率为3.05 g／（h·m²），比纯PVA薄膜降低了57.64％；PVA／MMT／TiO₂复合薄膜对食用油的阻隔性较高，透油率基本保持在较低的0.0216％左右。最后，对PVA／MMT／TiO₂复合薄膜的老化性能和杀菌性能进行了研究。结果表明，经过老化之后，PVA／MMT／TiO₂复合薄膜的各项性能有所降低，但由于MMT、TiO₂的协同增强作用，其性能仍优于其它薄膜。抗菌性能测试表明，MMT及TiO₂对细菌有一定的杀灭作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polymer Matric Nanocomposites （PMN） have been widely studied in packagingfield in recent years because of its amazing performances in mechanical, thermal,optical, anti-aging and anti-bacterial compared to pure polymers or conventionalcomposites. In order to improve the properties of the packaging materials, thepreparation, characterization, physical-chemical properties and anti-bacterial ofPoly（Vinyl Alcohol）/Montmorillonite/Titanium Dioxide （PVA/MMT/TiO₂） compositefilms were studied in this paper, with its main working as follows:First, PVA/MMT/TiO₂ composite films were prepared directly from PVA solution,MMT aqueous suspension and TiO₂ sol by solution intercalation and sol-gel process.The fracture morphology, molecule structure and thermal properties were investigatedby SEM, FTIR and TG-DSC respectively. The SEM images showed that MMT andTiO₂ particles are well dispersed in the Poly（Vinyl Alcohol）. The IR results revealedthat, net-structure was formed after MMT and TiO₂ composing with PVA, whichindicated that MMT and TiO₂ had been successfully dispersed in PVA matrix. TheTG-DSC results showed that, the thermal performances of composite films haveincreased greatly as the synergistic effect of the two inorganic particles.Second, TiO₂ mass fraction, pH, stirring time and reaction temperature werestudied to optimize the preparation conditions of the PVA/MMT/TiO₂ composite films.The mechanical test showed that, when the TiO₂ mass fraction is 1.0% and MMT massfraction is 3.0%, the tensile strength of PVA/MMT/TiO₂ composite films increased 49.46% than that of pure PVA films. The right elastic modulus and angle tearingstrength are 1.8 and 1.4 times as high as that of pure PVA films respectively. Theelongation rate decreased from 329.33% to 181.15%. The light transmittance resultsshowed that different wavelength ultraviolet radiation. transmittance kept between50%-60%, and the visible light transmittance were high. The water absorbing rateincreased firstly and then reached to 236.77%. The water vapor transmittance of thePVA/MMT/TiO₂ composite films was 3.05 g/（h·m²）, and decreased 57.64% than thatof pure PVA films. The oil transmittance of the PVA/MMT/TiO₂ composite films keptin about 0.0216%.Finally, the aging and anti-bacterial properties of PVA/MMT/TiO₂ compositefilms were also studied. The results showed that, after aging, the physical-chemicalproperties of PVA/MMT/TiO₂ composite films were reduced. But its properties werealso better than others because of the synergistic effect of MMT, TiO₂ particles. Theanti-bacterial test revealed that MMT, TiO₂ particles can kill some bacterias.更多还原