【作者】 李永涛；

【导师】 王毅；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 “神话是现代批评家喜用的一个术语,它包含了一个重要的意义范围,涉及了宗教、民谣、人类学、社会学、心理分析与美术等领域。……通常反对它的观点则把它置于和历史科学哲学寓言真理相对的位置上。”[1]此为“神话”之普泛性解析,而神话的想象、虚幻本质,则如马克思所言,“任何神话都是用想象和借助想象以征服自然力,支配自然力,把自然力加以形象化;因此,随着这些自然力之实际上被支配,神话也就消失了”[2]。人类学家泰勒更认为“神话发生在全人类于遥远的世纪里所经历过的蒙昧时期”[3],鲁迅亦于《中国小说史略》中云:“昔者初民,见天地万物,变异不常,其诸现象,又出于人力所能以上,则自造众说以解释之:凡所解释,今谓之神话”[4],即神话是原始人对生活周围世界中诸多未知因素的想象性解释和形象化思考。随着人类技术进步和理性发展,这种原始思维的产物必被淘汰,神话也因之消泯。此为神话之狭义定义。而神话为小说之源头,此为不争事实,且我们所摄取采纳的也是广义神话这一定义之于当代文学研究,即对于以苏童为代表作家及其作品的普适性意义。质言之,神话是人类想象中的文学审美创造,为每个时代作家独造,并用以表达自己终极思考和现实关怀的虚构性话语。这种普泛的神话定义也是我们所要探讨苏童及其创作和文本特色的主要论据。如沈从文的湘西、福克纳的美国南方、马尔克斯的马孔多小镇、莫言的高密东北乡一样,苏童也创造了自己的南方纸上神话王国,即以枫杨树乡村和香椿树街为代表的文本天地。苏童之《南方的堕落》及其他相关南方的虚构文本是爬梳其南方神话写作的主要依据,而《南方的堕落与诱惑——小说苏童代序》(王德威)、《南方的写作》(汪政、晓华)、《南方的意象》(汪政)、《诡秘的南方》(陈晓明)等评论则为进入苏童之“南方”王国的密码和媒质,更是我们建构批评话语的场域和汲取理论支撑的基石。本论文首先对神话之定义溯源追踪,并通过对神话与文学之渊源关系的梳理,结合现代主义神话诗学的勃兴流程,以进入苏童及其文本中的南方神话世界,从中把握苏童南方的神话写作之时代根源和创作动力。此为方法论之大致脉络。其次为作家论。通过对作家个案进行透析,从南方之熏染,也即文化地理学层面以挖掘苏童之南方神话写作的地域成因,随之对其童年生活记忆、想象和虚构并存的创作思维体式进行剖析判断。最后为作品论部分。本文将对苏童文本中意象、原型、母题元素进行归类评析,总体呼应上文文学神话的定义和归类,也即一个南方的神话写作者的文本多侧面呈现。结论,20世纪“再神话化”[5]倾向与新世纪全球性“重述神话”潮流之勃兴,本身亦证实神话化诗艺之于文学艺术有永远不可替代的催发作用和结构价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 “Myth is a terminology which the modern critic happily uses ,it has contained a vital significance scope, has involved domain and soon religion, ballad, anthropology, sociology, psycho-analysis and fine arts……Usually opposed its view-point sets at it to with the historical scientific philosophy fable truth relative position in.”[1] This is a simple analysis of the myth , but myth’s imagination, unreal essence then like Marx says,“Any myth is conquer of the natural force with the imgination ,and with the aid of the imagination, the control natural forces, performs the natural forces the visualization; therefore, is controlled in fact along with the senatural forces, the myth has also vanished "[2]. Anthropologist Taylor thought“the myth occurs in universe has experienced in the remote century the ignorant time”[3], Lu Xun also said in his "Chinese Novel Abstact History"“Long ago original people, every day myriad things, variation not often, its various phenomena, also stems from the manpower to be able above, then from makes the audiences to say explains it: Every explained that, now says the myth”[4], namely the myth is original people to the life periphery in the world many unknown factors imagination explanations and the visualized ponder. Along with the humanity technology advancement and the rational development, thiskind of primitive thought product must eliminate, myth also becomes eliminating. This narrow sense of definition for myth..But the myth source of for the novel, this for does not struggle the fact, also we absorb the acceptance also are generalized myth this definition to the contemporary literature research, namely regarding represents the writer and its the work general significance by SuTong. In a word, myth is the humanity imagines the literature esthetic creation, alone makes for each time writer, and uses to express themselves ultimate ponder and the current concern fictionalizing words. This kind of usual mythical definition also is what we must discuss .Su Tong and his creation and the text characteristic main argument. If south Shen Congwen’s western Hunan, Faulkner’s US South, Mulk Si’s MaKongduo , not says the high-density northeast townshipis same, Su Tong has also created his own south myth kingdom, namely take maple tree poplar tree village and cedrela odorata streetas representative’s text world. Su Tong’s"the South Degenerates" and other correlative fictionalizes the text is puts in order its south myth writing the main basis, but "South Degenerating with Enticement - Novel Soviet Child Article by way of introduction" (Wang Dewei), "the South Writing" (Wang Zheng, Xiao Hua), "the South Image" (Wang Zheng), "the Surreptitious South" (Chen Xiaoming) and so on the commentary for enters Soviet child it "south" the kingdom password and the medium, is we constructs the construction criticism words the field territory and derives the theory strut the cornerstone.The present paper first traces to the source to definition the myth tracing, and through to the myth and literature origin of relations combing, the union modernism myth poem study vigorous growth flow, enters in Su Tong and its the text south myth world, grasps south the Soviet child’s time of root and the creation power myth writing. This is the methodology the approximate vein.Next is a writer theory. Through carries on the dialysis to a writer document, gradually influencing of from the south, also is the cultural geography stratification plane excavates the Soviet child south the myth writing region origin, along with it to its childhood life memory, imagines the creation thought writing style which and fictionalizes coexists to carry on the analysis judgement.Finally, discusses the part for the work. This article to the Soviet child text in the image, the prototype, the mother will write the element to carry on the classification evaluation, the overall echoespreceding text literature myth the definition and the classification, also namely south myth write text multi-lateral surface will present.The conclusion, 20th century "the again myth" [5] favors and the newcentury global character "the iteration myth" vigorous growth thetidal current, itself also confirmed the myth poem skill has to the literary arts never may substitute urges to send the function and the structure value.更多还原