【作者】 郭峰；

【导师】 李令福；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 历史地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 开封作为中国著名的古都，其发展演变有着与其它都城不同的特点。运河是开封的城市特点，也是它成为宋代都城的主要原因之一，这已经成为学界共识。运河能成为开封的城市特点，隋唐五代无疑为这一特点奠定了坚实基础。但是隋唐五代开封与运河的关系，目前却不见有专门的论述。基于此，本文将探讨隋唐五代开封与运河之间的关系，并对影响其演变的因素略作分析。全文共分三部分，以下具体介绍各部分的内容：第一部分，主要论述开封相关历史地理环境。包括三个内容：第一，开封水系概述。概括了相关自然水系和运河渠道的情况，并对通济渠略作辨析。第二，开封历史沿革。简单介绍了隋以前的历史沿革状况。第三，区位优势。说明了河南区位优势对开封地位的影响。第二部分，主要论述隋唐五代汴州运河演变与城市发展的过程。笔者将此部分按不同时期分为隋、唐、五代三个时期，分期具体探讨不同时段的变化。隋代运河经历了建立和发展期。在建立期，开封运河由淮泗线和蔡颍线组成。在发展期，通济渠成为开封运河的主干，并在此后数百年的时间中，在国家漕运活动中扮演着重要角色。相对于运河的发展，隋代开封却没有随之发展，出现了运河发展与城市地位下降的背离现象。唐代运河继续了隋代运河的发展。此时开封运河包括了淮泗线、淮汴线、淮颍线以及泰西运河四条主要干渠。唐代开封城市经历了两次崛起，安史之乱前为政治崛起，安史之乱后为经济崛起。唐代汴州崛起奠定了它在五代成为都城的基础。唐代的运河为城市崛起提供了基础作用。在城市经济崛起的过程中，地方利益与国家利益在运河使用上出现了差异，导致了汴州与运河的关系，由安史之乱前的和谐发展演变为安史之乱后的相互冲突。五代运河整体处于衰落期。后周之前，淮泗线没有记载，淮汴线丧失了交通南北的功能，淮颍线仅维持了淮河以北的渠道，泰西运河没有记载。这一切都说明了开封运河的衰落。后周世宗以后，国家重新规划运河渠道，开封运河逐渐恢复了一定的繁荣。虽然开封运河衰落了，但是人们对开封的运河城市映象，并没有改变，还成为国家立都开封的重要依据。第三部分，主要论述制约和影响互动关系演变的因素。本文认为影响汴州与运河互动关系演变有如下五个因素。其一，洛阳限制了运河系统对汴州的影响。其二，仓储系统布局的影响。其三，军事活动的影响。其四，国家控制力变迁的影响。其五，主观认识变迁的作用。洛阳的限制作用和仓储布局是影响安史之乱以前开封与运河关系的主要因素。军事活动是影响安史之乱后，至于五代汴州与运河关系的主要因素。国家控制力的变迁是影响安史之乱后二者关系的重要因素。主观认识主要是指官员对运河经济作用的认知，这种认识经历了反感—认同—应用的过程，这一过程贯穿了二者演变的整个过程，成为影响二者关系的重要因素。本文创新点在于以下几点：第一，复原了隋唐五代开封运河动态演变过程，考证和指出一些观点的错误。第二，隋唐五代开封城市发展过程的动态考察。隋唐五代开封城市经历了隋代发展与衰落、唐代政治和经济崛起、五代都城地位确立的动态发展过程。第三，隋唐五代开封城市与运河的关系论述。学界一般认为开封与运河存在“水兴则城兴，水亡则城衰”的过程。本文对此提出质疑，因为三个时期的关系并不是完全按照这种关系演变，而是出现了隋代运河发展与城市变迁的背离和五代运河衰落和都城地位确立的现象。第四，归纳了运河与开封关系主观认识的变迁过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 As China, famous ancient capital, whose development evolution haveKaifeng with the characteristic that capital is unlike other. Canal is Kaifeng one of themain cause becoming Song Dynasty capital, is also that the Kaifeng city characteristic,this already become educational circles common view. But, how canal energy becomesthe Kaifeng city characteristic, Sui-Tang dynasty Five Dynasties, namely, the LaterLiang Dynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later HanDynasty, and the Later Zhou Dynasty is that this one characteristic has establish thesolid basis beyond doubt. Sui-Tang dynasty Five Dynasties, namely, the Later LiangDynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, andthe Later Zhou Dynasty Kaifeng and canal relation but, can not find discussion having aspeciality at present but. Owing to that this, the main body of a book will discussSui-Tang dynasty Five Dynasties, namely, the Later Liang Dynasty, the Later TangDynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, and the Later Zhou Dynasty,the relation between Kaifeng and the canal, and the factor developing to affectingrelation are abbreviated as analysis. The main body of a book is allotted together forthree parts, the following introduces every part content concretely.PartⅠ, the geographic conditions discussing Kaifeng relevance history mainly.Include three content: River system summarizes one, Kaifeng. Have summarized thecondition with pertinent Kaifeng natural river system, canal channel, canal circuit. Andhelp a canal to slightly discriminate. Secondly, Kaifeng history evolution. Situationhaving introduced history of Kaifeng Sui Yi Qian evolution simplely. Thirdly,geographic advantages. Have explained the Henan geographic advantages effect toKaifeng position.PartⅡ, the canal discussing the Sui-Tang dynasty Five Dynasties, namely, theLater Liang Dynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later HanDynasty, and the Later Zhou Dynasty another name for Kaifeng prefecture mainlydevelop with the process that the city develops. The author divides this part into threeperiods according to different period for the Sui-Tang dynasty, the Five Dynasties,namely, the Later Liang Dynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, and the Later Zhou Dynasty. Change discussing no simultaneousDuan of every inside of period concretely in everyone period. Process, effect, city thatthe canal develops to the city having discussed canal evolution in everyone period,develops the effect to the canal.Canal has experienced a Sui dynasty restoring and developing scheduled time. Inthe convalecent stage, Kaifeng, the canal is composed of Huaihe River nasal mucus lineand Cai Ying line. In developing scheduled time, exchanging the main force whohelps a canal becoming the Kaifeng canal, and in the time counting centennialhenceforth, it has acted as important role in country water transport of grain to thecapital activity. Do not coincide with here each other relative to development of canal,Kaifeng, the canal has appeared to develop deviating from coming down with cityposition.In Tang Dynasty the canal has continued development of Sui dynasty canal. TheKaifeng now canal has included the Huaihe River nasal mucus line, Huaihe Riveranother name for Kaifeng line, Huaihe River grain husk line and main the West fourstrips of canal main canals, have reached its mountain peak peak. Degree being not ableto reach this way Tang Dynasty even in Song Dynasty. The city has experiencedKaifeng Tang Dynasty twice rising abruptly, has been that politics rises abruptly beforeShi Zhi confuses safety, ampere of messy Shi Zhi queen is that economy risesabruptly. In Tang Dynasty the another name for Kaifeng prefecture rises abruptly havingestablish its basis becoming capital in the Five Dynasties, namely, the Later LiangDynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, andthe Later Zhou Dynasty. Difference has appeared in process rising abruptly in cityeconomy, on local benefit and country benefit being used in the canal, the relationhaving led to the another name for Kaifeng prefecture and canal, the harmoniousdevelopment being confused front by ampere of Shi Zhi have developed into safetyafter Shi Zhi is messy conflicting mutually.The Five Dynasties, namely, the Later Liang Dynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty,the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, and the Later Zhou Dynasty canalentirety is in decaying scheduled time. The Huaihe River nasal mucus line has notrecorded that before the Later Zhou Dynasty, the Huaihe River another name forKaifeng line has lost the traffic north and south function, the channel, the West canalhaving maintained to the north of Huaihe River gleam only have not recorded the Huaihe River grain husk. All these has all explained Kaifeng canal decaying now.Queen Zhou Shi Zong hereafter, the country has planned the canal channel again, theKaifeng canal has restored making prosper Tang Dynasty gradually. Although theKaifeng canal has been on the wane, people changes, becomes the important basis thatKaifeng does for capital to Kaifeng canal city mapping.PartⅢ, discusses evolution factor restricting and affecting interactive relationmainly. The author thinks that the prefecture affecting another name for Kaifeng andinteractive relation of canal develop to have as follows five factors. One, Luoyang haverestricted an impact of canal system over another name for Kaifeng prefecture. It’s two,the influence keeping system layout in a storehouse. It’s three, flexible effect of militaryaffairs. It’s four, the country Control the effect changing strenuously. It’s five,subjectivity know the effect changing.The Luoyang restricting is unsealed before that the effect sum keeps layout in astorehouse is that Shi Zhi who affects safety is messy with main canal relation cause.The military affairs activity is after the Shi Zhi chaos affecting safety, down to theFive Dynasties, namely, the Later Liang Dynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty, the LaterJin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, and the Later Zhou Dynasty another name forKaifeng prefecture and main canal relation cause. First, second country control forcechanges is after the Shi Zhi chaos affecting safety, important relation cause. Thesubjective knowledge is to point to the official acception to canal economy effect mainly.This cognition has experienced the process that antipathetic- acception- applies. Thisone process, has penetrated the entire process developing, the key factor becomingeffect first, second relation.The main body of a book FOAK depends on the following almost burns:First, have restored Sui-Tang dynasty Five Dynasties, namely, the Later LiangDynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, andthe Later Zhou Dynasty Kaifeng canal development evolution process, the falsehoodhaving researched textually a few and the mistake having pointed out a few viewpoints.Secondly, the Sui-Tang dynasty Five Dynasties, namely, the Later Liang Dynasty,the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, and the LaterZhou Dynasty Kaifeng city develops the process development examination. TheSui-Tang dynasty Five Dynasties, namely, the Later Liang Dynasty, the Later TangDynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, and the Later Zhou Dynasty Kaifeng city has experienced a Sui dynasty developing decaying scheduled time,politics and economy have risen abruptly, the Five Dynasties, namely, the Later LiangDynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Hart Dynasty, andthe Later Zhou Dynasty capital position has established the development expecting thatdeveloping process in Tang Dynasty.Thirdly, the Sui dynasty Five Dynasties, namely, the Later Liang Dynasty, theLater Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, and the LaterZhou Dynasty Kaifeng city and the canal relation comment that. Think that "the waterbeing unsealed and there existing in canal encourages the process being that the. city ispopular, water is gone is that the city declines" like educational circles. The main bodyof a book is brought forward to here being bound to question, is is that the Sui dynastycanal develops the phenomenon that decaying and capital position establish with citydeviating from changing and the Five Dynasties, namely, the Later Liang Dynasty, theLater Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, and the LaterZhou Dynasty canal because of three periods relation is really not to develop completelyaccording to this relation, have appearedFourth, process having summed up canal and the another name for Kaifengprefecture concerning the subjective knowledge changes.更多还原