无线传感器网络平台开发与组网实现

【作者】 易艳明；

【导师】 吴晓蓓；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着信息技术的飞速发展，传统的传感器技术已经不能满足人们对信息获取的需求，网络化、智能化的传感技术成为新的发展方向。自组织的无线传感器网络正是适应这种需求而出现的，它综合了传感器、嵌入式计算、网络、无线通信及分布式信息处理等技术，可以应用于国家安全、环境监测、交通管理、现代物流、仓储管理、医疗监护、智能家居等非常广泛的领域，迅速得到了学术界和工业界以及各国政府的重视，成为信息技术的一个新的研究热点。传感器节点和组网协议栈是无线传感器网络工程设计的重点。以此为主要内容，本文设计了一个无线传感器网络平台，实现了多节点自组织成网状结构的网络。论文首先详细介绍了无线传感器网络。然后分析了传感器节点和组网协议栈，并提出了系统设计方案；对MAC协议、路由算法等关键的组网技术进行了分析，并提出了本文的方案。接着详细介绍了节点电路设计、硬件制作和调试。在此节点平台上，以IEEE802.15.4为底层基础，设计了网络协议栈。主要包括物理层驱动，应答、重传的CSMA／CA算法，一种基于定向扩散思想的路由维护算法，各层数据帧格式的设计和处理，以及协议栈各子层的服务接口等内容。最后对节点和协议栈进行了简单的测试，结果表明在本文的实验环境下，节点可以稳定工作，网络通信协议可以实现基于网状结构的组网。本文的工作为项目的开展提供了一个实际的无线传感器网络平台。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the magic development of information technology, traditional sensor techniquesare unable to meet pepole’s demand of information. Sensor techniques should becomenetworked and intelligent. Then, the self-organized wireless sensor network emerges.Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are integration of sensor techniques, nested computationtechniques, network techniques, wireless communication techniques and distributedcomputation techniques. WSN can be usd in many applications, such as national security,environment, traffic, transportation, storage, medical treatment, intelligent house and so on.WSN becomes a new research area of information technology.A WSN platform is designed in this paper, with the main aspects of sensor nodedesign and network protocol design. Then, mesh network is achieved on this platform.Firstly, wireless sensor network is introduced in detail. Then, schemes are proposedbased on the analysis of sensor nodes and network protocols. The key techniques such asmedium access control and routing protocols of WSN are analysed, and suitable schemesare chose.According to the scheme of sensor node, the details of the node design are introduced.Then, on the hardware platform of node, a network protocol stack is designed with abase of IEEE802.15.4 Std. This protocol stack mainly contains the hardware drivers in thephysical layer, a CSMA/CA algorithm with ACK and retry mechanism, a routing algorithmwhich is similar to the directed diffusion protocol, the definition and processing of theframe format, and the service functions in each sublayer.Finally, simple tests on the sensor nodes and the network protocol stack are carriedout. The results indicate that the sensor nodes and protocol stack can work steadily andestablish a mesh network in the experimental environment of this paper.更多还原