离子液体及其电解液的研究

【作者】 白静；

【导师】 朱绪飞； 宋晔；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 离子液体具有高化学稳定性、热稳定性、高离子电导率等特点。本文用均匀设计的实验方法探讨了离子液体的最优合成工艺；以最优的方案合成了基于马来酸、邻苯二甲酸为阴离子的六种离子液体。用红外光谱测试并分析了这六种离子液体的结构。系统地研究了这些离子液体的电导率、电化学稳定性、热稳定性及其变化规律，热性能是通过DSC和TG来测试的。对于同一种离子液体来说，电导率随着温度的升高而迅速增加。研究发现电导率和温度之间的关系符合Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher(VTF)方程。对于含有相同阳离子的离子液体，其阴离子是马来酸氢根的离子液体比阴离子是邻苯二甲酸氢根的离子液体的电导率要高得多。将本文合成的六种离子液体配制成相应的离子液体电解液，详细研究了其电导率和闪火电压的变化规律。结果表明，马来酸氢根的离子液体电解液的电导率高于邻苯二甲酸氢根的离子液体电解液的电导率。闪火电压测试结果显示马来酸系列的闪火电压要高于邻苯二甲酸系列的闪火电压。这些离子液体电解液的闪火电压值在60V-95V之间。采用这些新型的离子液体电解液代替传统的铝电解电容器的工作电解液制作电容器，对电容器的阻抗、漏电流、电容量、损耗、寿命以及回流焊性能进行了研究。结果表明，含有邻苯二甲酸氢根的离子液体电解液所制备的电容器具有良好电性能，寿命性能以及耐回流焊性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Room temperature ionic liquids have attracted increasing attentions due to theirexcellent chemical stability, thermal stability and high conductivity. Influence factors ofionic liquid synthesis were investigated with uniform design in this work. Then six ionicliquids (ILs) based on imidazolium cations and maleic/phthalic acid anions weresynthesized according to the best results of the uniform design. Their structures werecharacterized and analyzed by IR. The thermal property, conductivity and electrochemicalstability have been investigated systematically. The thermal properties of ILs wereevaluated by DSC and TG, which indicated these ILs behave good thermal stability. Theconductivities of these ILs were measured at different temperatures. With the temperatureincreasing, the conductivity becomes higher. The conductivities of maleate anion-based arehigher than that of the corresponding phthalate anion-based ILs at a certain temperature.The Vogel-Tammaun-Fulcher (VTF) equation accurately describes the dependence of theconductivity on temperature.Electrolytes based on the synthysized ILs were confected. The conductivities and thesparking voltages of these electrolytes were measured. The results show that the sparkingvoltage values of electrolytes based maleate are higher than which based phalate anions.The sparking voltage values of these electrolytes range from 60V to 95V.The aluminum electrolytic capacitors have been fabricated with these electrolytesbased on ionic liquids. Then the impedance, leakage current, capacitance, loss, the shelflife and the resistance to soldering heat of the capacitors were investigated. The resultsshow that these aluminum electrolytic capacitors utilizing the electrolytes have satisfactorygeneral electric properties, excellent shelf life and high resistance to soldering heat.更多还原