行政公益诉讼之公民诉权研究

【作者】 张友国；

【导师】 陈宏光；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，随着社会经济的发展和政府行政权力的日益扩大，行政机关的违法行政行为屡有发生，其中有很多涉及到国家利益和公共利益。而为了保护这些公共利益，大量的行政公益诉讼案件在法院被提起。然而，这类诉讼案件大多因法院找不到法律依据而被驳回，甚至不予受理。在我国社会治理结构中，普通公民不能对行政公益诉讼案件提起诉讼，正是由于我国没有确立行政公益诉讼制度。自从党的十五大提出依法治国的宏伟目标后，依法治国的方略已被载入宪法。党的十六大又进一步提出了建设社会主义政治文明的行动纲领，社会主义法治建设进程明显加快。我国目前行政法理论、行政执法和行政司法的实践，以及加入WTO后建立的有限政府的要求，建立公民个人提起行政公益诉讼制度已势在必行。本文试从以下几个方面对建立我国行政公益诉讼赋予公民诉权进行分析和探索：第一部分从公共利益与个人利益的辨证关系看公共利益的司法保护。公共利益与个人利益的关系既是统一的，又是对立的。存在统一性是因为公共利益是建立在众多个人利益之上的，个人利益在一定条件下可以转化为公共利益，同时，大凡侵犯公共利益的行为都将最终侵犯了个人的利益。第二部分主要从我国行政公益诉讼赋予公民诉权的理论方面进行了探讨，理论方面主要包括对公民提起行政公益诉讼概念的理解、行政公益诉讼中公共利益的界定标准以及公民提起行政公益诉讼与其他由公民个人提起诉讼比较分析。第三部分从现实角度考察了我国近几年来行政公益诉讼现状、共同特征、困境及原因分析。第四部分从公民提起行政公益诉讼的理论依据、现实依据和法律依据三个方面阐述了在我国赋予公民行政公益诉讼的可行性。最后从构建我国行政公益诉讼赋予公民诉权的制度设计上进行设想，主要从公民提起行政公益诉讼的原则分析、立法设计方案以及确立行政公益诉讼之公民诉权的程序法特别规定等方面进行了大胆的设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays,illigal administrative behaviors which involve to the national interest and the public interest have happened repeatedly with the social economy development and the government administrative power daily espansion.Many administrative public interest litigation cases has been brought up in the court in order to protect these public interest.However,this kind of litigation cases was mostly rejected or even not accepted by the court because of no legislative basis.Administrative public interest litigation can not be brought up by common people in the governing structure of our country society just besause administrative public interest litigation system hasn’t been established.Since the Fifteenth National Conpress of the Communist Party of China,magnificent goal of running state affairs according to law has been mentioned and written in the Constitution, and the Sixteenth National Conpress of the Communist Party of China has further proposed the programme of action of constructing socialism politics civilization.Chinese socialism ruling by law construction obviously speeds up.It is inevitable and necessary to establish administrative public interest litigation system by citizens according to our present administrative law theory、the practice of administrative law enforcement and administrative judicature as well as establishing limited government after entering into WTO.In this thesis,it tries to analyse and explore how to establish administrative public interest litigation system mentioned by citizens in our country from the following aspects:It studies the judicial protection of public interest from the dialicticial relations between public interest and personal interest in the first part.The relation of public interest and personal interest is not only monolithic but also antagonistic. Saying it exisits unity because public interest is based on multitudinous personal interest and personal interest can be changed into public interest in certain conditon, and also. many behaviors, encroaching public interest encroach personal interest.In the second part,it mainly discusses administrative public interest litigation by citizens in our country from the theoretical aspect,which mainly includes how to understand the concept of administrative public interest litigation by citizens,the definition standard of public interest in administrative public interest litigation as well as the comparative analysis between administrative public interest litigation by citizens and other litigation by citizens.In the third part,it studies the current situation,the common characteristic,the predicament and the reason analysis of administrative public interest litigation in our country in the recent several years from realistic aspect.In the fourth part,it elaborates the feasibility of administrative public interest litigation mentioned by citizens in our country from theory basis,reality basis as well as legal basis.Finally,it mainly postulates how to establish administrative public interest litigation system by citizens in our country,which includes principle analysis,ligislation design scheme and special procedure.更多还原