【作者】 吴青军；

【导师】 彭小川；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 “(X)真是(的)”是表示“责怪”、“抱怨”、“嗔怪”等义的一种常用口语句式，此前对该句式的研究非常薄弱，本文从语义、句法、语篇、历时演变等角度首次对该句式进行了较为全面的考察和分析。本文的研究成果主要有以下几点：1．指出权威工具书对其语义概括的不足，明确该句式的整体语义是表“责怪”。可分两类：表“责怪”、“抱怨”等“实质性责怪”和表“嗔怪”、“过意不去”等“非实质性责怪”。2．就表实质性责怪的“(X)真是(的)”句式而言，它所表达的情感强弱程度除部分可通过“情标”判断外，还可通过“Z与事理的偏离度”、“事情的性质”、“在乎的程度”等来判断。3．从形式上看，“X”包括人称代词，指人名词，指示代词，复指类，包含呼应语类，指物类以及零形式等。4．“真是(的)”前的修饰性成分主要有“可”、“也”。前者能增强表达的感情，后者能缓和表达的情感。5．该句式出现在对话和心理活动的语篇环境中。我们将该句式看成表“责怪”、“抱怨”等言语行为的标记语，将它所“责怪”、“抱怨”的内容设为Y，此二者的位置关系有4种。此外，该句式在语篇功能上有三个方面作用——启下，承上，煞尾。6．从历时角度考察了该句式的语法化过程及其机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 "(X) Zhenshi (de)"is a kind of very common oral construction that can express theemotion of " blaming", "complaining" and so on.But the ever related research on thisconstruction was very few.This paper will carry on comprehensive studying of theconstruction in terms of syntactic sentence structure, semanteme, discourse, and thedevelopment that lasts etc.The research results herein mainly have the following several points:1. Point out the fault of the explanation from authoritative reference books,and definethe whole semanteme of the construction as "blaming", which can be divided into twokinds roughly: "substantive blame" and "non- substantive blame".2. As to "substantive blame", except that some can be judged by "the feelingmarkednesses ", we can also estimate the emotion intensity that expresses through " biasdegree between Z and reason", "property of the thing"and" intensity of the attention".3. In view of form, " X " includes the personal pronoun, person denoting-nouns,demonstrative pronoun, reply the pointing type, containing echoing language types, pointthing types, non-form etc.4. The modificatory composition before" (X) Zhenshi (de) "mainly are "but" and" too". The former can often strengthen the emotion expressed, while the later can oftenrelax the emotion expressed.5. The construction appears in two discourse environment: in the talk and in thepsychological context. We regard this construction as a kind of behavioral mark forexpressing emotion of "blaming", " complain"etc, and the content of "complaining" is setas Y, there are four kinds of position relations between them. In addition, the constructionhas three pieces of respect function in the discourse-follow the preceding context,openthe following context and end the context.6. Diachronic investigation of the construction from the angle of grammaticalizationand grammaticalization mechanism更多还原