【作者】 齐鲁壮；

【导师】 马淼；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 植物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘自然生长的同属近缘的两种沙生短命植物——粗柄独尾草(Eremurus inderiensis (M.Bieb) Regel)和异翅独尾草(E. anisopterus (Kar. et Kir) Regel)健康生长植株为试验材料,对比研究了两种独尾草的光合途径、叶绿素含量、气孔密度和大小、比叶面积(SLA)、生物量、Pn、E、Gs、Ci、WUE、叶绿素荧光指标,分析讨论了两种独尾草营养物质积累的机制,主要结果如下:1、两种独尾草叶片结构比其他单子叶植物特殊和复杂,叶片有栅栏组织的分化,近栅栏组织处有大小两种叶脉相间排列,小叶脉维管束鞘呈花环状。这些结构都对光合作用产生直接或间接的影响,栅栏组织厚度暗示出异翅独尾草比粗柄独尾草具有较高的光合能力。2、苗期和现蕾期粗柄独尾草稳定碳同位素值(δ13C)分别为-29.17‰与-26.74‰,异翅独尾草的δ13C值为-27.03‰和-26.77‰,结合叶片解剖结构可判定两种独尾草均属于C3-C4中间类型植物。3、用丙酮提取法和叶片离析法观察测定了两种独尾草叶片的叶绿素含量及表皮气孔大小和密度,结果表明两种独尾草气孔较大而密度较小,粗柄独尾草的叶绿素含量和气孔密度均低于异翅独尾草,暗示出异翅独尾草光合潜力较大。4、粗柄独尾草的SLA值与生物量值都小于异翅独尾草,表明异翅独尾草肉质化程度高,生长快,在水分充足的条件下,高光合效率的可能性大。5、在自然条件下,运用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定仪,分别在苗期、现蕾期和结实期对两种独尾草进行全天连续光合作用测定,得到了各生育期光合作用日变化曲线及光合-光响应曲线。结果表明,两种独尾草光合作用日变化曲线在苗期为单峰型,在现蕾期部分叶片为单峰型,部分为双峰型,在结实期为双峰型;光合-光响应曲线表明两种独尾草作为C3-C4中间类型植物的高光饱和点、低光补偿点和强呼吸作用的特点,与典型的荒漠植物间存在较大差异,反映了其适应荒漠环境的特殊方式。6、在测定两种独尾草光合作用时,同时用美国生产的OS5-FL便携式叶绿素荧光测定仪分别测定了营养生长期和生殖生长期两种独尾草叶绿素荧光指标的日变化。结果表明,营养生长期粗柄独尾草Fv/F0、Fv/Fm、Y、ETR、qN、qP的日平均值均低于异翅独尾草,Fv’/Fm’值高于异翅独尾草;而生殖生长期除qN值外粗柄独尾草叶绿素荧光各指标日平均值均高于异翅独尾草。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many indexes such as photosynthetic pathway、chlorophyll content、stoma size and density、SLA (specific leaf area)、biomass、Pn、E、Gs、Ci、WUE and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Eremurus inderiensis (M.Bieb) Regel and E. anisopterus (Kar. et Kir) Regel were comparatively studied, which wildly grow in Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang. Futhermore, we discussed the unused mechanism of nutriment of E. inderiensis and E. anisopterus. The main results showed:1.The leaf structure of E. inderiensis and E. anisopterus show that they are all more special and complex than other endogens. There are palisade tissue in leaf, and alternate with big and small veins closing to palisade tissue, which can affect the photosynthesis of E. inderiensis and E. anisopterus. The sheath of small vein are like wreath. The thickness of palisade tissue indicate that the photosynthesis ability of E. anisopterus is higher than E. inderiensis.2.Theδ13C values of E. inderiensis and E. anisopterus at seedling and flowering stages separately are -29.17‰and -26.74‰, -27.03‰and -26.77‰. According toδ13C value and their anatomization characteristics, they are all belong to C3-C4 intermediate plants.3.We determine Chlorophyll content and stoma size、density of E. inderiensis and E. anisopterus leaf with Acetone-Pick-up and Laminae-eduction methods. Results indicate that they have big stoma size but small density and E. inderiensis has lower chlorophyll content and stoma density than E. anisopterus, which indicate that they have high photosynthesis and low evaporation, E. anisopterus has bigger potential.4.E. inderiensis has little different at height and is lower at biomass, higher at SLA than E. anisopterus, which indicate that E. anisopterus has higher carnification extent and big possibility of higher photosynthesis efficency under enough water condition.5.Under natural condition, the portable photosynthesis system of Li-6400 was used for the dynamic research of photosynthesis of E. inderiensis and E. anisopterus at seedling、flowering and seeding stages, and then we get the diurnal change curves of photosynthesis of every stage and A-light curves. Results indicate that the diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate of E. inderiensis and E. anisopterus displayed single-peak pattern at seedling stage and two-peak pattern and seeding stage and two pattern at flowering stage. The significant difference between A-light curves of E. inderiensis and E.anisopterus and typical desert plants show that they are all high light saturation point、low light compensation point and strong respiration as C3-C4 intermediate plants, which indict their special way for adaptation to desert habitat.6.During the time of measuring photosynthesis of E. inderiensis and E. anisopterus, the portable chlorophyll fluorescence system of OS5-FL, which is made in USA, were used to measure diurnal changes of chlorophyll fluorescence of E. inderiensis and E. anisopterus at the same time. Results show that diurnal average of Fv/F0、Fv/Fm、Y、ETR、qN、qP values of E. inderiensis are lower than E. anisopterus, but Fv’/Fm’value of E. inderiensis is higher than that of E. anisopterus at seedling stage. All diurnal average of chlorophyll fluorescence indexes of E. inderiensis are bigger than E. anisopterus expect qN value at flowering stage.更多还原