【作者】 郭继刚；

【导师】 赵宗胜；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 动物科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验通过对兵团农八师150团奶牛场150头荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的测定,分别于7条染色体上选择了8个微卫星位点,所选择的微卫星位点均是从文献资料中查询到的与产奶性状具有相关性的位点。在所选实验群体中进行产奶性状的微卫星标记分析,研究各位点的遗传效应与产奶量、乳脂、乳蛋白量的相关性。结果表明:所扩增出的7个微卫星位点都具有高度多态性,而且杂合度(H)均在0.58～0.86之间,多态信息含量(PIC)也达到0.50以上,最高者BM1443多态信息含量为0.84。位点BM203有7个等位基因,形成8种基因型,其中以D为优势基因,BB为优势基因型;位点BM302等位基因数为6,形成8种基因型,其中以A为优势基因,AD为优势基因型;BM3413有5个等位基因,形成7种基因型,其中B为优势基因,BE为优势基因型;UWCA9有6个等位基因,形成8种基因型,以E为优势基因,EE为优势基因型;BM143有8个等位基因,形成9种基因型,以E为优势基因,BD为优势基因型; BM1443有10个等位基因,8种基因型,以I为优势基因,CF为优势基因型;BM415有7个等位基因,6种基因型,以B为优势基因,BB为优势基因型。经与上述各项产奶性状结合,借助软件分析发现,微卫星位点BM302对305天产奶量存在极显著性影响,其中AD基因型与该性状相关性较大;BM143对产奶量达到显著性影响,以BH为有利基因型;BM3413、UWCA9的对产奶量的方差分析值较大;位点UWCA9对奶中乳脂率、乳蛋白量达到显著性、极显著性影响,分别以CC、EF为有利基因型。根据实验结果选择两个与产奶量、乳脂、乳蛋白显著相关的位点BM302、UWCA9采用多重PCR的方法,建立了估测奶牛产奶性能的检测方法,实验验证表明各产奶性状的估计值与观察值差异不显著,证明了此种估测方法是准确可行的,为荷斯坦奶牛的早期选育提供了科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study mensurate production traits of 150 Holstein cattles, and slected 8 microsatellite sites of 7 chromosomes to analysis microsatellite markers with milk production traits by assaying 150 cows from cattle yard of 150 regiment in Shihezi city.The relevances between genetic effect of different site and butter fat、lactoprotein、production of milk were calculated.It was proved that this locus are of hight polymorphism ,the heterozygosity is between 0.58 and 0.86,polymorphic information contents (PIC) is over 0.5. the highest PIC value of BM1443 is 0.84. There are 4 alleles and 8 genotypes in the locus of BM203, and B is superior gene and BB is superior genotype. There are 6 alleles and 8 genotypes in the locus of BM302,and A is superior gene and AD is superior genotype.There are 5 alleles and 7 genotypes in the locus of BM3413,and B is superior gene and BE is superior genotype.There are 6 alleles and 6 genotypes in the locus of UWCA9,and E is superior gene and EE is superior genotype.There are 8 alleles and 9 genotypes in the locus of BM143,and E is superior gene and BD is superior genotype.There are 10 alleles and 8 genotypes in the locus of BM1443,and I is superior gene and CF is superior genotype.There are 7 alleles and 6 genotypes in the locus of BM415,and B is superior gene and BB is superior genotype.It was discovered that microsatellite locus BM302 has remarkable effect on the 305 days milk production by software analysis combining every milk product traits, and AD genotype is more related to this traits. Locus BM143 also has remarkable effect on the 305 milk production,and BH genotype is more related to this traits.BM3413、UWCA9 have high variance analysis valve to milk production.Locus UWCA9 has distinct influence on milk butter fat, and CC is superior genotype. Locus UWCA9 also has insignificant effect on lactoprotein, EF is superior genotype.A method has been established to estimate the production traits of a cow. It use the multiplex PCR technique by select two microsatellite sites which have significant deviaition on 305 days milk production、the ratio of milk butter fat and the lactoprotein.It was proved that it doesn’t has significant deviaition between fact value and estimate value. It testified the method to estimate the production traits of a cow is accurate and feasible. The method provide scientific basis for nonage selection on Holstein cattle.更多还原