【作者】 焦静；

【导师】 郭康权；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农产品加工与贮藏工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用超临界CO2萃取技术对石榴籽油的提取进行了研究。探讨了不同萃取条件(原料预处理、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量、萃取时间、分离压力和分离温度)对石榴籽油提取率的影响,寻找提取石榴籽油的最佳工艺参数。同时,分析了超临界CO2萃取出的石榴籽油的理化指标、脂肪酸组分,抗氧化性、成膜性及保鲜方面的特性,从而为石榴籽的综合利用提供理论依据。主要内容包括三个部分:第一部分:超临界CO2萃取石榴籽油工艺研究,其中包括单因子试验和工艺优化试验;第二部分:石榴籽油品质及特性研究;第三部分:对影响超临界CO2萃取石榴籽油的因素、最佳工艺条件、石榴籽油的氧化稳定性、超临界CO2萃取石榴籽油过程机理、超临界萃取过程中出现的问题以及石榴籽油的应用前景进行讨论。取得以下研究结果:(1)预处理条件是影响超临界CO2萃取工艺的重要因素,本研究在单因子试验条件下确定出最佳预处理条件:石榴籽粉碎度40目,装料量200g。(2)影响超临界萃取工艺的主要参数有萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量,萃取时间、分离压力及分离温度。本试验在单因子水平下确定各工艺参数的最佳值或范围:萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度40～45℃、CO2流量15L/h、萃取时间100min、分离压力8Mpa、分离温度35℃。(3)将单因子试验选出的萃取压力、萃取温度和CO2流量的最佳值作为0水平,采用二次正交旋转组合设计,根据试验结果,通过统计分析得到萃取率与各影响因子之间的回归方程,通过对回归方程的分析和萃取工艺参数筛选及试验验证,得到最佳萃取工艺参数组合为:萃取压力27MPa,萃取温度30℃,CO2流量15L/h,最大萃取率为20.64%。(4)与溶剂法提取的石榴籽油相比较,超临界CO2萃取法出油率高,萃取时间短。在理化指标方面,采用超临界CO2萃取的石榴籽油的折光指数、酸价、过氧化值等指标均优于溶剂法提取的石榴籽油。(5)经GC/MS分析石榴籽油的脂肪酸组分,共检测出6种成分:棕榈酸(3.21%)、亚油酸(14.47%)、硬脂酸(2.07%)、亚麻酸(1.56%)、石榴酸(63.88%)、二十碳五烯酸(8.90%)。其中石榴酸含量最高,它的性质非常活泼,极易发生氧化反应。(6)用Schaal烘箱法比较石榴籽油和维生素E抗猪油和色拉油的氧化作用,分析石榴籽油的体外抗氧化效果。结果表明石榴籽油的体外抗氧化效果与VE相当,是非常好的脂溶性抗氧化剂,可以考虑在抗氧化方面代替VE使用。(7)对石榴籽油进行成膜试验,结果表明石榴籽油为优良干性油,可作为涂料工业的优质原料。(8)用石榴籽油对鸡蛋进行涂膜处理研究其保鲜效果,结果表明石榴籽油对抑制蛋内水分散失、抑制鸡蛋蛋白pH和蛋黄指数下降效果明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, extraction Pomegranate seed oil was studied with supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SCFE-CO2) technology. We discussed the effects on the extraction rate of the Pomegranate seed oil under different extraction conditions, such as pretreatment of raw materials, the extraction pressure, temperature, CO2 flux, the extraction time, separation pressure and temperature, to find the optimum parameters of Pomegranate seed oil extracting. Meanwhile, the physics and chemistry, fatty acid composition, anti-oxidation, filming and preservation of Pomegranate seed oil by SCFE-CO2 had been analyzed, to provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive utilization of Pomegranate seeds. It includes four parts: the first part, research on the extraction technology of Pomegranate seed oil by supercritical carbon dioxide, including the research on single factor and optimization; the second part, research on the quality and characteristic of Pomegranate seed oil; the third part, discuss the factors affecting the SCFE-CO2, the best process conditions, the oxidation stability of Pomegranate seed oil, the mechanism for processing Pomegranate seed oil by SCFE-CO2, the problems of supercritical fluid extraction and the application prospects of Pomegranate oil; the last part, conclusion.The main experiment results as follows:(1) The pretreatment conditions of Pomegranate seed are important factors that influence SCFE-CO2 technology. Under single factor experiment, the best pretreatment conditions are confirmed. As follows: the crush degree is 40 mu, amount of influx is 300g.(2) Extraction pressure, temperature, CO2 flux, time, separation pressure and temperature are the main factors that influence the SCFE-CO2 technology. Under single factor experiment, the best parameters and scopes are ensured. As follows: extraction pressure 30Mpa, extraction temperature 40-45℃, CO2 flux 15L/h, time100 min, separation pressure 8Mpa, temperature 35℃.(3) The optimum parameters screened out through single factor experiment is regarded as 0 level, then by using quadratic cross rotary design method, the regression equations is established in which X is equivalent to coded values, Y is equivalent to the index of extraction rate. According to the results and statistics analyses, through further optimization and test, the optimum parameters are found out, that is extraction pressure 27Mpa, extraction temperature 30℃, CO2 flux 15L/h, and the maximum of extraction rate is 20.64%.(4) Comparing to the effect of extraction with solvent method, SCFE-CO2 had several virtues. The extraction rate is higher, operating time is shorter. Moreover, the refractive index, acid value, peroxide value and other indicators of Pomegranate seed oil by SCFE-CO2 are superior to the Pomegranate seed oil by solvent extraction.(5) Fatty acid compositions of Pomegranate seed oil were analyzed by GC/MS. There are six components in it and the percentages of them are Palmitic acid (3.21%), Linoleic acid(14.47%), Stearic acid(2.07%), Linolenic acid (1.56%), Punicic acid(63.88%), Eicosapentaenoic acid (8.90%). The content of Punicic acid is the highest,because its nature is very lively, so oxidation reaction will occur easily.(6) The Schaal method is applied to test the anti-oxidation effect of the Pomegranate seed oil against the effect of VE to the lard and salad oil, upon which the analysis on the anti-oxidation effect of seed oil vitro is conducted. The results indicated that the anti-oxidation effect of seed oil is more efficient than VE in vitro, so it could be a preferable antioxidant to dissolve lipid and substitute for VE.(7) The filming experiment of Pomegranate Seed Oil indicated that Pomegranate seed oil is a fine drying oil which may be used in painting industry.(8) Eggs are coated with Pomegranate seed oil to research the effect of preservation. The results indicated that Pomegranate seed oil has obvious effect on inhibit moisture loss inside the eggs; inhibit albumen pH fell and yolk coefficient fell.更多还原